El migrante venezolano visto desde los medios y las audiencias: Un estudio comparativo de la relación entre noticias televisivas y cognición social sobre los venezolanos inmigrantes en el Perú y Colombia
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2020-06-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Este proyecto de investigación con enfoque cualitativo tuvo como objetivo general analizar la
relación entre discursos multimodales de noticias y la Cognición Social sobre venezolanos
inmigrantes, un grupo de diez peruanos habitantes de Lima y diez colombianos habitantes de
Bogotá. Para analizar la Cognición Social se consideraron los postulados de Michael Billig (1991)
y se creó una matriz que la aborda holísticamente desde tres dimensiones: mental, sentimental y
comportamental, manifestadas en el discurso. En cuanto al Análisis Crítico del Discurso
Multimodal, se tomaron como base teórica los planteamientos de Gunther Kress y Theo van
Leeuwen (2001) sobre la multimodalidad, y se creó una matriz de análisis cuyas etapas fueron:
selectiva, descriptiva e interpretativa. Asimismo, se tuvieron en cuenta los postulados de Teun van
Dijk (2009) sobre el Análisis del Discurso y Análisis Crítico del Discurso. El desarrollo de este
estudio tuvo dos fases para la recolección de datos: la primera consistió en realizar entrevistas
semiestructuradas, con las que se conoció la Cognición Social de los participantes acerca de los
venezolanos; y se identificó que la fuente principal de información sobre esta población eran los
noticieros televisivos: América Noticias en el Perú, y Noticias Caracol en Colombia. Se hizo un
seguimiento y Análisis Cualitativo de Contenido de noticias durante seis meses, y en la segunda
fase, se hizo la selección y Análisis Crítico del Discurso Multimodal de dos de ellas emitidas en
cada país, cuatro en total. Al final, se comparó el discurso de los interrogados con el noticioso tanto
en el Perú como en Colombia, lo cual permitió hallar una relación cercana entre la Cognición Social
y las noticias, a partir de las semejanzas entre los discursos.
This research project with a qualitative focus had as a general objective to analyze the relationship between multimodal news discourse and Social Cognition about Venezuelan immigrants, in a group of ten Peruvian inhabitants of Lima and ten Colombian inhabitants of Bogota. In order to analyze Social Cognition, we considered the Michael Billig’s (1991) postulates and created a matrix that approaches it holistically from three dimensions: mental, sentimental and behavioral, manifested in the discourse. As regards the Critical Analysis of Multimodal Discourse, Gunther Kress and Theo van Leewen’s (2001) theory was taken into account, and a matrix of analysis was created, whose stages were: selective, descriptive and interpretive. Likewise, the Teun van Dijk’s (2009) ideas about Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis, were considered. The development of this study had two phases for data collection: the first one consisted of doing semistructured interviews, that allowed to know the Social Cognition of participants about Venezuelan immigrants; and to identify that their main information source about them were news television: América Noticias in Peru and Noticias Caracol in Colombia. During six months we monitored news about Venezuela and Venezuelans and we did a Qualitative Content Analysis, and in the second one, we selected and analyzed critically the Multimodal Discourse of two news transmitted in each country. Finally, we compared people’s with news discourse both in Peru and in Colombia, which allowed to find a near relation between Social Cognition and news, based on likenesses in the discourses.
This research project with a qualitative focus had as a general objective to analyze the relationship between multimodal news discourse and Social Cognition about Venezuelan immigrants, in a group of ten Peruvian inhabitants of Lima and ten Colombian inhabitants of Bogota. In order to analyze Social Cognition, we considered the Michael Billig’s (1991) postulates and created a matrix that approaches it holistically from three dimensions: mental, sentimental and behavioral, manifested in the discourse. As regards the Critical Analysis of Multimodal Discourse, Gunther Kress and Theo van Leewen’s (2001) theory was taken into account, and a matrix of analysis was created, whose stages were: selective, descriptive and interpretive. Likewise, the Teun van Dijk’s (2009) ideas about Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis, were considered. The development of this study had two phases for data collection: the first one consisted of doing semistructured interviews, that allowed to know the Social Cognition of participants about Venezuelan immigrants; and to identify that their main information source about them were news television: América Noticias in Peru and Noticias Caracol in Colombia. During six months we monitored news about Venezuela and Venezuelans and we did a Qualitative Content Analysis, and in the second one, we selected and analyzed critically the Multimodal Discourse of two news transmitted in each country. Finally, we compared people’s with news discourse both in Peru and in Colombia, which allowed to find a near relation between Social Cognition and news, based on likenesses in the discourses.
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Periodismo televisivo, Medios de comunicación, Análisis del discurso, Migración--Perú, Migración--Venezuela, Migración--Colombia
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