Estrés parental y estilos de apego adulto en madres de niños de 3 a 6 años
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general analizar la relación entre los estilos de apego
y el estrés parental en las madres de niños de 3 a 6 años en Lima Metropolitana. Como objetivo
específico, se pretende explorar la relación entre las variables sociodemográficas maternas (edad,
número de hijos, número de personas con las que vive en el hogar, nivel educativo e ingreso
mensual) con los niveles de estrés parental. Para este propósito se evaluó a 131 madres que
respondieron al Cuestionario de Estrés Parental/Versión corta (PSI-SF) (Abidin, 1995) y al
Cuestionario de Relaciones (RQ) (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991).
Se halló que el grupo de madres con estilo de apego inseguro presenta mayores niveles de estrés
parental en comparación al grupo de madres con estilo de apego seguro, siendo, específicamente,
que las madres con estilo de apego inseguro de tipo preocupado presentan mayores niveles estrés
parental en cada una de sus dimensiones Malestar Paterno, Interacción Disfuncional Padre-Hijo
y Niño Difícil. Asimismo, se encontró que el grupo de madres con estilo de apego inseguro-alejado
presenta mayores niveles de estrés parental que el estilo de apego seguro en la dimensión
Interacción Disfuncional Padre-Hijo. Finalmente, no se encontraron diferencias significativas
entre el estrés parental y las variables sociodemográficas apoyo recibido en el cuidado del menor
y empleo materno.
The main objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between attachment styles and parental stress in mothers of children aged 3 to 6 years in Metropolitan Lima. As a specific objective, it is intended to explore the relationship between maternal sociodemographic variables (age, number of children, number of people with whom they live in the home, educational level and monthly income) with levels of parental stress. For this purpose, 131 mothers were evaluated who responded to the Parental Stress Questionnaire/Short version (PSI-SF) (Abidin, 1995) and the Relationships Questionnaire (RQ) (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). It was found that the group of mothers with an insecure attachment style presents higher levels of parental stress compared to the group of mothers with a secure attachment style, specifically, that mothers with an anxious-preoccupied insecure attachment style present higher levels of parental stress in each of its dimensions: Parental Distress, Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interaction, and Difficult Child. Likewise, it was found that the group of mothers with a dismissive-avoidant insecure attachment style presents higher levels of parental stress than the secure attachment style in the Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interaction dimension. Finally, no significant differences were found between parental stress and the sociodemographic variables of support received in the care of the child and maternal employment.
The main objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between attachment styles and parental stress in mothers of children aged 3 to 6 years in Metropolitan Lima. As a specific objective, it is intended to explore the relationship between maternal sociodemographic variables (age, number of children, number of people with whom they live in the home, educational level and monthly income) with levels of parental stress. For this purpose, 131 mothers were evaluated who responded to the Parental Stress Questionnaire/Short version (PSI-SF) (Abidin, 1995) and the Relationships Questionnaire (RQ) (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). It was found that the group of mothers with an insecure attachment style presents higher levels of parental stress compared to the group of mothers with a secure attachment style, specifically, that mothers with an anxious-preoccupied insecure attachment style present higher levels of parental stress in each of its dimensions: Parental Distress, Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interaction, and Difficult Child. Likewise, it was found that the group of mothers with a dismissive-avoidant insecure attachment style presents higher levels of parental stress than the secure attachment style in the Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interaction dimension. Finally, no significant differences were found between parental stress and the sociodemographic variables of support received in the care of the child and maternal employment.
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Manejo del estrés para la mujer--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Crianza de niños--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Madres--Aspectos psicológicos--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Dependencia (Psicología)--Perú--Lima Metropolitana
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