Modelo ProLab: SolarLatina: Energía solar distribuida sostenible para agroindustria rural en Perú
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
La presente tesis propone un modelo de negocio basado en el esquema de venta de
energía eléctrica mediante recurso solar, diseñado específicamente para atender las
necesidades del sector agroindustrial en el Perú. Este sector enfrenta altos costos energéticos,
dependencia de fuentes fósiles y exigencias cada vez mayores en certificaciones ambientales
para mercados internacionales. En este contexto, la energía solar fotovoltaica se presenta
como una solución que no solo reduce costos, sino que también fortalece la sostenibilidad y
competitividad de las empresas exportadoras.
La investigación se desarrolló aplicando la metodología PROLAB y el enfoque de
Design Thinking, lo que permitió comprender las principales dificultades de los
agroexportadores como el costo de estas soluciones y la poca asesoría técnica. A partir de
entrevistas con usuarios del sector, se confirmó el interés en adoptar un modelo que elimine
la barrera de inversión inicial y facilite el acceso a certificaciones sostenibles.
El modelo de negocio contempla la provisión de sistemas solares bajo un esquema de
servicio, donde el cliente paga por la energía consumida sin asumir los costos iniciales de
instalación y mantenimiento. El análisis financiero muestra un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de
USD 704,961 con una tasa de descuento de 6,55%, una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de
26,9% y un período de recuperación de apenas 3 años, lo que representa una rentabilidad
superior a la de proyectos de infraestructura energética tradicional. Las simulaciones
evidencian que en más del 85% de los casos el proyecto conserva un VAN positivo, lo que
demuestra su atractivo para inversionistas.
El modelo genera beneficios sociales y ambientales significativos. El análisis de
rentabilidad social refleja un VANS positivo de USD 397,682, lo que confirma que los
beneficios colectivos superan los costos de implementación. Entre estos destacan la reducción
de emisiones de CO₂, la generación de empleo local durante la instalación y operación de los
sistemas. Estos impactos se encuentran alineados con las ODS de energía asequible, trabajo
decente, innovación industrial y acción por el clima.
En síntesis, la propuesta de SolarLatina constituye una solución innovadora,
financieramente rentable y socialmente sostenible. No solo elimina las barreras de acceso a la
energía solar para el sector agroindustrial, sino que también fortalece su competitividad
internacional y contribuye a la transición energética del país.
This thesis proposes a business model based on the sale of electricity through solar energy, specifically designed to address the needs of the agro-industrial sector in Peru. This industry faces high energy costs, dependence on fossil fuels, and increasing environmental certification requirements from international markets. In this context, photovoltaic solar energy emerges as a solution that not only reduces costs but also strengthens the sustainability and competitiveness of exporting companies. The research applied the PROLAB methodology and the Design Thinking approach, which made it possible to identify key challenges such as the high costs of solar solutions and the lack of technical support. Through interviews with sector stakeholders, the study confirmed strong interest in adopting a model that eliminates upfront investment barriers and facilitates access to sustainable certifications. The proposed model provides solar systems under a service scheme in which clients pay only for the energy consumed, without assuming the initial costs of installation and maintenance. The financial analysis reveals a Net Present Value (NPV) of USD 704,961 with a discount rate of 6.55%, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 26.9%, and a payback period of just three years—figures that outperform traditional energy infrastructure projects. Simulations further demonstrate that in more than 85% of cases the project maintains a positive NPV, confirming its attractiveness to investors. Beyond financial performance, the model also generates significant social and environmental benefits. The social profitability analysis shows a positive Social NPV of USD 397,682, validating that collective benefits outweigh implementation costs. These include reductions in CO₂ emissions and the creation of local jobs during system installation and operation, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to affordable energy, decent work, industrial innovation, and climate action. In conclusion, the SolarLatina proposal represents an innovative, profitable, and socially sustainable solution. It not only removes barriers to accessing solar energy for the agro-industrial sector but also enhances international competitiveness and contributes to the country’s energy transition.
This thesis proposes a business model based on the sale of electricity through solar energy, specifically designed to address the needs of the agro-industrial sector in Peru. This industry faces high energy costs, dependence on fossil fuels, and increasing environmental certification requirements from international markets. In this context, photovoltaic solar energy emerges as a solution that not only reduces costs but also strengthens the sustainability and competitiveness of exporting companies. The research applied the PROLAB methodology and the Design Thinking approach, which made it possible to identify key challenges such as the high costs of solar solutions and the lack of technical support. Through interviews with sector stakeholders, the study confirmed strong interest in adopting a model that eliminates upfront investment barriers and facilitates access to sustainable certifications. The proposed model provides solar systems under a service scheme in which clients pay only for the energy consumed, without assuming the initial costs of installation and maintenance. The financial analysis reveals a Net Present Value (NPV) of USD 704,961 with a discount rate of 6.55%, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 26.9%, and a payback period of just three years—figures that outperform traditional energy infrastructure projects. Simulations further demonstrate that in more than 85% of cases the project maintains a positive NPV, confirming its attractiveness to investors. Beyond financial performance, the model also generates significant social and environmental benefits. The social profitability analysis shows a positive Social NPV of USD 397,682, validating that collective benefits outweigh implementation costs. These include reductions in CO₂ emissions and the creation of local jobs during system installation and operation, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to affordable energy, decent work, industrial innovation, and climate action. In conclusion, the SolarLatina proposal represents an innovative, profitable, and socially sustainable solution. It not only removes barriers to accessing solar energy for the agro-industrial sector but also enhances international competitiveness and contributes to the country’s energy transition.
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Sistemas de energía fotovoltaica, Energía--Industria y comercio--Perú, Sector agroindustrial--Perú