The long-term relationship between major macroeconomic variables and peruvian stock market performance: 2003-2023
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
En esta investigación se analiza cómo variables macroeconómicas tales como
el PIB, tasas de interés, PEN/USD y precio del cobre se relacionan con la Bolsa de
Valores de Lima (BVL) en el periodo 2003-2023. Para esto se aplicó un modelo de
corrección de errores vectoriales (VECM). Los resultados muestran que el PIB y el
precio del cobre tienen un efecto positivo sobre la BVL, lo que refleja la gran
dependencia de la economía peruana de la minería. En cambio, las tasas de interés
presentan una relación negativa. El tipo de cambio, por su parte, no resultó
significativo en el largo plazo. Además, con las funciones impulso-respuesta (IRF) se
observó que existen reacciones rápidas en el corto plazo, aunque estas no siempre
son permanentes. Esto ayuda a confirmar la relación de largo plazo y muestra cierta
capacidad de la BVL para enfrentar shocks externos. Se aplicaron también pruebas
de ruptura estructural (CUSUM y Bai-Perron) que señalaron cambios importantes en
los datos, asociados a hechos como la crisis subprime, la caída de los precios del
cobre entre 2010 y 2016, y la pandemia del 2020. A pesar de estos eventos, las
relaciones de largo plazo se mantuvieron estables, lo cual da confianza en el modelo
utilizado. En concreto, los hallazgos resaltan la importancia de mantener políticas
económicas estables y la necesidad de diversificación productiva para reducir
riesgos. Esto puede servir como referencia tanto para inversionistas como para
empresas y hacedores de política en el Perú.
This research investigates the cointegration among some key macroeconomic variables (GDP, PEN/USD, copper prices, policy rate) and the Peruvian stock market performance (BVL) during the period 2003–2023. By estimating a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), this research finds various statistically significant relationships over time in accordance with economic theory. Both GDP and copper prices show a positive association with BVL , reinforcing the heavily mining reliant economy of Peru, while interest rates possess a negative relationship. The PEN/USD however is not found to be statistically significant over time. In addition to these findings, Impulse Response Functions (IRFs) examine the short-run dynamics among these variables and are estimated on their own to observe short run adjustments to macroeconomic shocks. We find evidence from the IRF results that the VECM is supported by both immediate and temporary impulses to macroeconomic shocks which justify the long run relationships found. Furthermore, structural break tests (CUSUM and Bai-Perron) are employed as a benchmark to verify the stationarity of the fdata in addition to assessing how much structural change impacted the significance and stability of the VECM. The Bai-Perron and CUSUM results showed clear structural breaks at some important moments of the study period. These breaks were linked to shocks such as the 2008 financial crisis, the fall of copper prices between 2010 and 2016, and the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the long-run relationships stayed stable, which means that even with these shocks, the Peruvian economy and the BVL kept reacting in the way we could expect over time. Ultimately, these findings call for greater macroeconomic stability and diversification to prevent any overwhelming impacts on the markets while providing insight for investors, companies and policymakers all operating within Peru.
This research investigates the cointegration among some key macroeconomic variables (GDP, PEN/USD, copper prices, policy rate) and the Peruvian stock market performance (BVL) during the period 2003–2023. By estimating a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), this research finds various statistically significant relationships over time in accordance with economic theory. Both GDP and copper prices show a positive association with BVL , reinforcing the heavily mining reliant economy of Peru, while interest rates possess a negative relationship. The PEN/USD however is not found to be statistically significant over time. In addition to these findings, Impulse Response Functions (IRFs) examine the short-run dynamics among these variables and are estimated on their own to observe short run adjustments to macroeconomic shocks. We find evidence from the IRF results that the VECM is supported by both immediate and temporary impulses to macroeconomic shocks which justify the long run relationships found. Furthermore, structural break tests (CUSUM and Bai-Perron) are employed as a benchmark to verify the stationarity of the fdata in addition to assessing how much structural change impacted the significance and stability of the VECM. The Bai-Perron and CUSUM results showed clear structural breaks at some important moments of the study period. These breaks were linked to shocks such as the 2008 financial crisis, the fall of copper prices between 2010 and 2016, and the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the long-run relationships stayed stable, which means that even with these shocks, the Peruvian economy and the BVL kept reacting in the way we could expect over time. Ultimately, these findings call for greater macroeconomic stability and diversification to prevent any overwhelming impacts on the markets while providing insight for investors, companies and policymakers all operating within Peru.
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Bolsa de Valores de Lima, Macroeconomía--Perú--Siglo XXI, Perú--Condiciones económicas--Siglo XXI
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item.page.review
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item.page.referenced
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