Estrategias docentes para favorecer el desarrollo de las competencias comunicativas en niños de cinco años de edad en una institución educativa pública ubicada en el distrito de Pueblo Libre
Date
2020-09-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis titulada estrategias docentes para favorecer el desarrollo de
las competencias comunicativas en niños de cinco años de edad en una institución
educativa pública del distrito de Pueblo Libre, es una investigación realizada en el
marco del enfoque cualitativo y de nivel descriptivo, que responde a la metodología
de estudio de caso único y tiene como objetivo general analizar las estrategias docentes
que se emplean para promover el desarrollo de las competencias comunicativas en
niños de cinco años de edad. En esta investigación se explica qué es la competencia
comunicativa, cómo se da su desarrollo en el niño; asimismo, se recopila diferentes
estrategias docentes para promover su perfeccionamiento. Además, se empleó una lista
de cotejo, la cual fue aplicada a los niños en dos momentos antes y después de realizar
las observaciones de las estrategias empleadas por la docente del aula, las mismas que
fueron recopiladas en un cuaderno de campo. Al realizar las observaciones, se centró
en las sesiones programadas en el área de comunicación y algunas otras actividades
tales como talleres y las actividades permanentes. A partir de los resultados obtenidos
en esta investigación, se identificó que un niño de cinco años debe vivenciar diferentes
experiencias significativas que potencien el desarrollo de las competencias
comunicativas, las mismas que son planteadas por los maestros del nivel inicial a
través de variadas estrategias tales como la lectura en voz alta, preguntas abiertas, la
diferenciación entre las letras y los números, realizar función pinza al sostener un lápiz,
entre otros. Por lo tanto, se considera que el uso de estrategias docentes a lo largo de
todo el año escolar favorece significativamente el desarrollo de las competencias
comunicativas, puesto que durante las observaciones realizadas durante el periodo de
un mes se visualizó en cada niño avances con tendencia positiva.
The present thesis, entitled teaching strategies to foster the development of communicative competencies in five-year-old children in a public educational institution in the district of Pueblo Libre, is an investigation carried out within the framework of the qualitative and descriptive level approach, which responds to the methodology of a single case study and has the general objective of analyzing the teaching strategies used to promote the development of communicative competencies in five-year-old children. This research explains what communicative competence is, how it is developed in the child; it also compiles different teaching strategies to promote its improvement. In addition, a checklist was used, which was applied to the children in two moments before and after making observations of the strategies used by the classroom teacher, which were compiled in a field notebook. In making the observations, she focused on the scheduled sessions in the area of communication and some other activities such as workshops and permanent activities. Based on the results obtained in this research, it was identified that a five-year-old child should have different significant experiences that enhance the development of communication skills, which are raised by the teachers of the initial level through various strategies such as reading aloud, open questions, differentiation between letters and numbers, performing pincer function when holding a pencil, among others. Therefore, it is considered that the use of teaching strategies throughout the school year significantly favours the development of communicative skills, since during the observations made during the one-month period, progress with a positive trend was visualised in each child.
The present thesis, entitled teaching strategies to foster the development of communicative competencies in five-year-old children in a public educational institution in the district of Pueblo Libre, is an investigation carried out within the framework of the qualitative and descriptive level approach, which responds to the methodology of a single case study and has the general objective of analyzing the teaching strategies used to promote the development of communicative competencies in five-year-old children. This research explains what communicative competence is, how it is developed in the child; it also compiles different teaching strategies to promote its improvement. In addition, a checklist was used, which was applied to the children in two moments before and after making observations of the strategies used by the classroom teacher, which were compiled in a field notebook. In making the observations, she focused on the scheduled sessions in the area of communication and some other activities such as workshops and permanent activities. Based on the results obtained in this research, it was identified that a five-year-old child should have different significant experiences that enhance the development of communication skills, which are raised by the teachers of the initial level through various strategies such as reading aloud, open questions, differentiation between letters and numbers, performing pincer function when holding a pencil, among others. Therefore, it is considered that the use of teaching strategies throughout the school year significantly favours the development of communicative skills, since during the observations made during the one-month period, progress with a positive trend was visualised in each child.
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Comunicación--Estudio y enseñanza, Educación preescolar
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