Evaluación de los incentivos para promover el acceso a los servicios públicos de telecomunicaciones en zonas rurales: caso de reducción del canon del servicio de telefonía móvil
Date
2023-11-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La finalidad de la investigación es comparar las iniciativas que se desarrollaron en el
marco de las políticas impulsadas por el Estado para promover un mayor acceso a los
servicios de telecomunicaciones en las zonas rurales y lugares de preferente interés
social, específicamente con respecto a la ampliación de cobertura del servicio de
telefonía móvil. Los principales resultados de los proyectos tradicionalmente efectuados
con los recursos del Fondo de Inversión en Telecomunicaciones (FITEL) en el año 2011,
se comparan con los resultados de las iniciativas que se han ejecutado desde el año
2018, con la finalidad de incentivar que las empresas operadoras destienen parte del
pago correspondiente al canon por el uso del espectro radioeléctrico a la ampliación de
la cobertura del servicio de telefonía móvil.
Los Proyectos FITEL y la iniciativa del canje del canon son evaluados en términos de
eficacia, es decir con relación al cumplimiento de los objetivos y las condiciones
definidas en los diseños iniciales, así como respecto a la eficiencia, que se enmarca en
el aprovechamiento de las capacidades o el control de los recursos de manera óptima.
El principal resultado es que la iniciativa del canje del canon del periodo 2021-2022 ha
obtenido mejores resultados en términos de eficacia que los proyectos FITEL al haber
beneficiado a 307 localidades en un tiempo promedio de 12 meses. Asimismo, la
iniciativa del canje del canon del periodo 2021-2022 presenta resultados que permiten deducir que ha resultado, en términos relativos, más eficiente que los Proyectos FITEL.
The goal of this research is to compare the initiatives developed within the framework of State-enforced policies aimed at fostering more spread access to telecommunication services in rural areas and locations of preferred social interest, specifically regarding the enlargement of mobile coverage. The main results attained by projects traditionally fulfilled by the Telecommunication Investment Fund (Fondo de Inversión en Telecomunicaciones - FITEL) in 2011 are compared with the results achieved by the initiatives being executed since 2018, directed at encouraging operators to destinate part of their canon payments due to the use of the radioelectric-spectrum to the expansion of mobile telephone coverage. Both FITEL and the canon exchange initiatives are assessed in terms of efficacy, that is, in relation to the accomplishment of set objectives and the conditions defined in their original design, as well as in terms of efficiency, set by the maximization of capacities and the optimal control of used resources. The primary result is that the canon exchange initiative in the 2021-2022 period has yielded better results in terms of efficacy, compared with FITEL projects, having benefited 307 communities in an average span of 12 months. Likewise, the canon exchange ventures display indicators that establish them as more efficient than their FITEL counterparts.
The goal of this research is to compare the initiatives developed within the framework of State-enforced policies aimed at fostering more spread access to telecommunication services in rural areas and locations of preferred social interest, specifically regarding the enlargement of mobile coverage. The main results attained by projects traditionally fulfilled by the Telecommunication Investment Fund (Fondo de Inversión en Telecomunicaciones - FITEL) in 2011 are compared with the results achieved by the initiatives being executed since 2018, directed at encouraging operators to destinate part of their canon payments due to the use of the radioelectric-spectrum to the expansion of mobile telephone coverage. Both FITEL and the canon exchange initiatives are assessed in terms of efficacy, that is, in relation to the accomplishment of set objectives and the conditions defined in their original design, as well as in terms of efficiency, set by the maximization of capacities and the optimal control of used resources. The primary result is that the canon exchange initiative in the 2021-2022 period has yielded better results in terms of efficacy, compared with FITEL projects, having benefited 307 communities in an average span of 12 months. Likewise, the canon exchange ventures display indicators that establish them as more efficient than their FITEL counterparts.
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Keywords
Sistemas de telefonía celular--Perú, Telecomunicaciones--Legislación--Perú, Población rural--Perú
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