Informe Jurídico sobre la Casación No. 4083 – 2017, Lima Este, Sala Civil Permanente, 21/06/2018, de la Corte Suprema de la República
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
El expediente judicial de Casación 4083-2017, resuelto por la Sala Civil Permanente de
la Corte Suprema de Justicia en Lima Este, examina el proceso de usucapión iniciado
por Dionicia Palma, quien solicitó el reconocimiento legal de su derecho de propiedad,
del cual mantenía posesión desde 1991. La solicitante fundamentó su petición en haber
mantenido una posesión ininterrumpida, no violenta y manifiesta por un periodo superior
a diez años, satisfaciendo así las condiciones establecidas en el artículo 950 del Código
Civil. La parte demandada, constituida por los sucesores del titular registral, objetó la
solicitud argumentando la prevalencia de su derecho de propiedad y exigió la restitución
del inmueble. No obstante, el máximo tribunal judicial ratificó la pretensión de la
demandante, estableciendo el carácter declarativo de la prescripción adquisitiva, que
reconoce como propietario al poseedor que cumple con los requerimientos legales
establecidos.
El tribunal supremo fundamentó su decisión en las disposiciones del Código Civil,
particularmente en los artículos 950 y 952, respaldándose además en fuentes
jurisprudenciales y doctrinarias que sustentan el carácter declarativo del proceso de
usucapión. El marco normativo aplicado incluyó también el artículo 70 de la Constitución
Política peruana, así como diversos precedentes jurisprudenciales de la Corte Suprema
que legitiman la adquisición del derecho de propiedad mediante posesión prolongada
frente a la pasividad de los titulares registrales.
Este fallo subraya que la posesión efectiva prevalece sobre la titularidad formal cuando
se cumplen los requisitos de la usucapión, y resalta la importancia de la seguridad
jurídica y el reconocimiento de derechos preexistentes basados en la posesión
prolongada.
The case Casación No. 4083-2017, Lima Este, Permanent Civil Chamber, 06/21/2018, of the Supreme Court of the Republic addresses the claim for acquisitive prescription of ownership filed by Dionicia Palma to obtain recognition of property rights over a real estate asset in San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, which she had possessed since 1991. The claimant satisfied the conditions of Article 950 of the Peruvian Civil Code by claiming continuous, peaceful, and public ownership for more than ten years. The defendants— the registered owner's heirs—sought to reclaim the property, arguing that their rights as titleholders should be upheld. But the Supreme Court decided in the claimant's favor, upholding the declarative character of acquisitive prescription, which means that possession essentially confers title on the possessor who complies with the law. The Court relied on the Civil Code, specifically Articles 950 and 952, and supported its decision with doctrine and case law affirming the declarative nature of acquisitive prescription. The instruments employed also include the Peruvian Constitution (Article 70) and multiple Supreme Court rulings upholding that property rights acquired through possession are valid in the face of registered owners’ inaction. This decision underscores that effective possession prevails over formal title when the requirements for usucapion are met, highlighting the importance of legal certainty and the recognition of preexisting rights based on prolonged possession.
The case Casación No. 4083-2017, Lima Este, Permanent Civil Chamber, 06/21/2018, of the Supreme Court of the Republic addresses the claim for acquisitive prescription of ownership filed by Dionicia Palma to obtain recognition of property rights over a real estate asset in San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, which she had possessed since 1991. The claimant satisfied the conditions of Article 950 of the Peruvian Civil Code by claiming continuous, peaceful, and public ownership for more than ten years. The defendants— the registered owner's heirs—sought to reclaim the property, arguing that their rights as titleholders should be upheld. But the Supreme Court decided in the claimant's favor, upholding the declarative character of acquisitive prescription, which means that possession essentially confers title on the possessor who complies with the law. The Court relied on the Civil Code, specifically Articles 950 and 952, and supported its decision with doctrine and case law affirming the declarative nature of acquisitive prescription. The instruments employed also include the Peruvian Constitution (Article 70) and multiple Supreme Court rulings upholding that property rights acquired through possession are valid in the face of registered owners’ inaction. This decision underscores that effective possession prevails over formal title when the requirements for usucapion are met, highlighting the importance of legal certainty and the recognition of preexisting rights based on prolonged possession.
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