Análisis dogmático de la prueba anticipada
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente trabajo analiza dogmáticamente la regulación de la prueba anticipada en el
Código Procesal Civil peruano y en su Proyecto de Reforma, contrastándola con los modelos
de derecho extranjero (España, Argentina, Italia y Brasil). Se distinguen dos modelos
principales: el modelo de la urgencia, que restringe la prueba anticipada a situaciones donde
existe un riesgo inminente de pérdida o alteración del medio probatorio; y el modelo abierto,
que permite actuar la prueba anticipadamente por razones adicionales a la urgencia.
El propósito es determinar si el ordenamiento peruano puede acoger un modelo abierto, dada
la incertidumbre práctica sobre si la urgencia es un requisito indispensable que debe
acreditarse para admitir la anticipación de la prueba.
El trabajo busca demostrar que, si bien el CPC no lo establece expresamente, la normativa
peruana sí acoge de forma implícita un modelo abierto. Esto se evidencia en supuestos que
no exigen urgencia -como la constitución de títulos ejecutivos- y se ve reforzado por el
Proyecto del Nuevo CPC, que admite expresamente razones adicionales a la urgencia para la
actuación anticipada de la prueba.
This paper provides a dogmatic analysis of the regulation of anticipated evidence in the Peruvian Code of Civil Procedure and its Draft Project, comparing it with foreign legal models (Spain, Argentina, Italy, and Brazil). Two main models are distinguished: the urgency model, which restricts anticipated evidence to situations where there is an imminent risk of loss or alteration of the evidence; and the open model, which allows evidence to be taken in advance for reasons other than urgency. The purpose is to determine whether the Peruvian legal system can accommodate an open model, given the practical uncertainty as to whether urgency is an indispensable requirement that must be proven in order to allow the taking of anticipated evidence. The paper seeks to demonstrate that, although the CPC does not expressly establish it, Peruvian law does implicitly accept an open model. This is evident in cases that do not require urgency —such as the creation of enforceable titles— and is reinforced by the Draft Project, which expressly admits reasons other than urgency for anticipated evidence.
This paper provides a dogmatic analysis of the regulation of anticipated evidence in the Peruvian Code of Civil Procedure and its Draft Project, comparing it with foreign legal models (Spain, Argentina, Italy, and Brazil). Two main models are distinguished: the urgency model, which restricts anticipated evidence to situations where there is an imminent risk of loss or alteration of the evidence; and the open model, which allows evidence to be taken in advance for reasons other than urgency. The purpose is to determine whether the Peruvian legal system can accommodate an open model, given the practical uncertainty as to whether urgency is an indispensable requirement that must be proven in order to allow the taking of anticipated evidence. The paper seeks to demonstrate that, although the CPC does not expressly establish it, Peruvian law does implicitly accept an open model. This is evident in cases that do not require urgency —such as the creation of enforceable titles— and is reinforced by the Draft Project, which expressly admits reasons other than urgency for anticipated evidence.
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Prueba (Derecho), Derecho procesal civil--Legislación--Perú, Medidas cautelares (Procedimiento civil)
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