Actores y razones de la reforma en la supervisión de la salud: la coalición promotora del establecimiento de la Superintendencia Nacional de Salud (SUSALUD) entre los años 2013 y 2017
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La instauración y perfilamiento de la Superintendencia Nacional de Salud
(SUSALUD) constituye un proceso (2013-2017) que ilustra la fragmentación del sector
salud, el encapsulamiento de sus tecnocracias, el peso de los actores internacionales,
y la continuidad del paradigma neoliberal, aunque mostrando matices en los roles del
componente público y privado en la salud y en la política. Con el marco de las
coaliciones promotoras, se asume que los diferentes actores y sus creencias
interactúan de manera cooperativa y conflictiva este contexto de pugna por las
políticas y la política. Mediante un rastreo de procesos, se identifican núcleos de
creencias, oportunidades, parámetros de política y eventos que estructuran el caso.
Pero, principalmente, se define una coalición promotora conformada por dos
agrupaciones tecnocráticas distintas al interior del Ministerio de Salud, y un conjunto
de actores de la sociedad civil por fuera de dicha alta dirección. Todos los actores
creen en la extensión de la universalización de la salud, la supervisión sanitaria y los
derechos en salud como principios conducentes al establecimiento de SUSALUD,
aunque con acentos distintos que hacen que, en ocasiones, entren en conflicto. Se
concluye que la entidad surge por el impulso de dicha coalición, dentro de un
subsistema político de salud jerarquizado y cerrado, pero con continuidades de
participación social institucionalizada y de la cooperación internacional. En paralelo,
los parámetros de la política se orientaban a la inclusión social, la participación y la
modernización estatal, sin embargo, estos se fueron opacando por la naciente
desinstitucionalización, inestabilidad y conflictividad política.
The establishment and profiling of the National Superintendence of Health (SUSALUD) is a process (2013-2017) that illustrates the fragmentation of the health sector, the encapsulation of its technocracies, the weight of international actors, and the continuity of the neoliberal paradigm, although showing nuances in the roles of the public and private component in health and politics. With the advocacy coalition framework, it is assumed that the different actors and their beliefs interact in a cooperative and conflictive way in this context of struggle for policies and politics. Through process tracing, belief systems, opportunities, policy parameters and events that structure the case are identified. But mainly, an advocacy coalition is defined, formed by two different technocratic groups within the Ministry of Health, and a group of civil society actors outside of the health administration. All actors believe in the extension of the universalization of health, health supervision and health rights as principles leading to the establishment of SUSALUD, although with different emphases that sometimes lead to conflict. It is concluded that the entity arises from the impetus of this coalition, within a hierarchical and closed health political subsystem, but with continuities of institutionalized social participation and international cooperation. At the same time, the policy parameters were oriented towards social inclusion, participation and state modernization; however, these were gradually overshadowed by the emerging deinstitutionalization, instability and political conflict.
The establishment and profiling of the National Superintendence of Health (SUSALUD) is a process (2013-2017) that illustrates the fragmentation of the health sector, the encapsulation of its technocracies, the weight of international actors, and the continuity of the neoliberal paradigm, although showing nuances in the roles of the public and private component in health and politics. With the advocacy coalition framework, it is assumed that the different actors and their beliefs interact in a cooperative and conflictive way in this context of struggle for policies and politics. Through process tracing, belief systems, opportunities, policy parameters and events that structure the case are identified. But mainly, an advocacy coalition is defined, formed by two different technocratic groups within the Ministry of Health, and a group of civil society actors outside of the health administration. All actors believe in the extension of the universalization of health, health supervision and health rights as principles leading to the establishment of SUSALUD, although with different emphases that sometimes lead to conflict. It is concluded that the entity arises from the impetus of this coalition, within a hierarchical and closed health political subsystem, but with continuities of institutionalized social participation and international cooperation. At the same time, the policy parameters were oriented towards social inclusion, participation and state modernization; however, these were gradually overshadowed by the emerging deinstitutionalization, instability and political conflict.
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Salud pública--Perú, Política de salud--Perú, Servicios de salud--Perú
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item.page.review
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