Del capital político personal al éxito electoral partidario: casos de Fuerza Popular (2011-2016) y Alianza para el Progreso (2006-2014)
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
Esta investigación analiza cómo el capital político personal de Keiko Fujimori y
César Acuña contribuyó al éxito electoral de Fuerza Popular (2011-2016) y Alianza para
el Progreso (2006-2014) en el contexto de fragmentación del sistema político peruano.
Mediante un enfoque cualitativo de tipo básico, se examina cómo cuatro subcategorías
de capital político —familiar, socioprofesional, de género y administrativo— operan
como recursos convertibles en desempeño electoral sostenido. Keiko Fujimori construyó
su capital político fundamentalmente sobre la herencia del apellido Fujimori,
transformando el legado familiar en organización partidaria permanente con 46 comités
provinciales en 10 regiones, logrando 23.55% en 2011, 39.86% en 2016 y 13.40% en
2021. César Acuña, por su parte, convirtió su capital socioprofesional y empresarial —
derivado de la Universidad César Vallejo— en dominio hegemónico regional, obteniendo
56.49% como alcalde de Trujillo (2006), 43.58% como gobernador regional (2014) y
consolidando redes clientelares que benefician a más de 90 mil familias. Los hallazgos
revelan que, en contextos de alta volatilidad electoral e identidad partidaria débil,
diferentes configuraciones de capital político personal —herencia familiar versus
construcción empresarial— pueden generar trayectorias exitosas duraderas. Ambos
casos demuestran capacidades excepcionales de supervivencia en múltiples ciclos
electorales, construcción organizacional permanente y rendimiento electoral superior al
10% sostenido, convirtiendo recursos personales heterogéneos en estructuras
partidarias competitivas que contrastan con la fragilidad dominante en el sistema político
peruano contemporáneo.
This research examines the relationship between personal political capital and partisan electoral success in contemporary Peru, focusing on the paradigmatic cases of “Fuerza Popular” and “Alianza para el Progreso” during their periods of greatest consolidation. In a political system characterized by extreme fragmentation, institutional weakening, and structural electoral volatility, these two parties emerge as exceptions that have achieved organizational survival and sustained electoral competitiveness. The study analyzes how Keiko Fujimori mobilized her inherited family capital—the legitimacy of the Fujimori name, pre-established political networks, and massive electoral recognition—to transform a personalist movement into the country's strongest political organization between 2011 and 2016. Simultaneously, it examines how César Acuña converted his socio-professional and business capital—resources from César Vallejo University, millions in funding, and permanent social programs—into regional hegemony in La Libertad and Lambayeque since 2006. Through qualitative document analysis, the study demonstrates that different configurations of personal political capital operate as independent variables that explain exceptional electoral performance in institutionally weak democracies. The findings contribute theoretically by adapting concepts of political capital to fragmented Latin American systems, and offer practical implications for understanding strategies for building effective leadership, identifying electorally viable profiles, and enriching political analysis in contexts where party institutionality is precarious but successful organizations based on differentiated personal capital emerge.
This research examines the relationship between personal political capital and partisan electoral success in contemporary Peru, focusing on the paradigmatic cases of “Fuerza Popular” and “Alianza para el Progreso” during their periods of greatest consolidation. In a political system characterized by extreme fragmentation, institutional weakening, and structural electoral volatility, these two parties emerge as exceptions that have achieved organizational survival and sustained electoral competitiveness. The study analyzes how Keiko Fujimori mobilized her inherited family capital—the legitimacy of the Fujimori name, pre-established political networks, and massive electoral recognition—to transform a personalist movement into the country's strongest political organization between 2011 and 2016. Simultaneously, it examines how César Acuña converted his socio-professional and business capital—resources from César Vallejo University, millions in funding, and permanent social programs—into regional hegemony in La Libertad and Lambayeque since 2006. Through qualitative document analysis, the study demonstrates that different configurations of personal political capital operate as independent variables that explain exceptional electoral performance in institutionally weak democracies. The findings contribute theoretically by adapting concepts of political capital to fragmented Latin American systems, and offer practical implications for understanding strategies for building effective leadership, identifying electorally viable profiles, and enriching political analysis in contexts where party institutionality is precarious but successful organizations based on differentiated personal capital emerge.
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Poder ejecutivo--Perú, Sistemas políticos--Perú, Liderazgo político--Perú
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