Modelo ProLab: Fintech Yachay Pacha, alternativa para reducir la deserción estudiantil en universidades privadas de Lima Metropolitana
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
La deserción universitaria en las universidades privadas de Lima Metropolitana alcanza
actualmente un 14% (Ministerio de Educación [Minedu], 2023a), lo que se traduce en
aproximadamente 69,000 estudiantes que abandonan sus estudios anualmente que repercute
en el desarrollo académico individual, por ende, impactos económicos y sociales a nivel
nacional. La falta de recursos económicos para cubrir los gastos académicos, es una principal
causa de este abandono, lo que limita el desarrollo del capital humano y, en consecuencia, las
capacidades de los graduados para contribuir efectivamente al crecimiento económico del
país. Según la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE, 2023),
cada año adicional de educación puede incrementar los ingresos entre un 8% y 10%, lo que
pone de manifiesto la pérdida potencial en el producto bruto interno (PBI) asociada a una tasa
de deserción del 14%. Desde una perspectiva social, la deserción afecta especialmente al
68.9% de los estudiantes provenientes de los niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) B y C, según la
Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (Enaho, 2022) (como se citó en la Asociación Peruana de
Empresas de Inteligencia de Mercados [Apeim, 2024]). Esto disminuye sus oportunidades de
empleo, las soluciones de financiamiento hasta ahora disponibles, como los créditos ofrecidos
por Lumni y las alternativas del Programa Nacional de Becas y Crédito Educativo
(Pronabec), presentan limitaciones significativas en términos de accesibilidad y flexibilidad,
afectando especialmente a los estudiantes de bajos recursos. los requisitos estrictos para
acceder a préstamos limitan la capacidad de muchos jóvenes entre 20 y 25 años para concluir
su educación superior. La evaluación financiera de las soluciones propuestas indica tener un
impacto económico positivo, un valor actual neto (VAN) de S/4’105,152 así como una tasa
interna de retorno (TIR) del 24%. El VAN social de S/4’529,673 indica un impacto
significativo, siendo 6 veces mayor que el VAN financiero, con una tasa social de descuento
del 8% establecida por el Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (MEF), lo que refleja su alta
rentabilidad social. Yachay Pacha implementa una alternativa de financiamiento educativo
más inclusiva y accesible que no solo beneficiaría a los estudiantes universitarios, sino que
también contribuiría al crecimiento del PBI del país a través de la integración de una fuerza
laboral más calificada.
University dropout rates in private universities in Metropolitan Lima currently reach 14% (Ministerio de Educación [Minedu], 2023a), which translates into approximately 69,000 students who abandon their studies annually, which impacts individual academic development, and therefore, economic and social impacts at the national level. The lack of financial resources to cover academic expenses is a main cause of this dropout, which limits the development of human capital and, consequently, the capacities of graduates to effectively contribute to the country's economic growth. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD 2023), each additional year of education can increase income by 8-10%, which highlights the potential loss in gross domestic product (GDP) associated with a dropout rate of 14%. From a social perspective, dropout particularly affects 68.9% of students from socioeconomic levels (SES) B and C, according to Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (Enaho, 2022) (as cited in Asociación Peruana de Empresas de Inteligencia de Mercados [Apeim, 2024]). This reduces their employment opportunities. The financing solutions available so far, such as the loans offered by Lumni and the alternatives of the National Scholarship and Educational Credit Program (Pronabec), present significant limitations in terms of accessibility and flexibility, especially affecting low-income students. The strict requirements to access loans limit the ability of many young people between 20 and 25 years of age to complete their higher education. The financial evaluation of the proposed solutions indicates a positive economic impact, a net present value (NPV) of S/4'105,152 as well as an internal rate of return (IRR) of 24%. The social NPV of S/4’529,673 indicates a significant impact, being 6 times greater than the financial NPV. With a social discount rate of 8% established by Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (MEF), which reflects its high social profitability. Yachay Pacha implements a more inclusive and accessible educational financing alternative that would not only benefit university students, but would also contribute to the growth of the country's GDP through the integration of a more qualified workforce.
University dropout rates in private universities in Metropolitan Lima currently reach 14% (Ministerio de Educación [Minedu], 2023a), which translates into approximately 69,000 students who abandon their studies annually, which impacts individual academic development, and therefore, economic and social impacts at the national level. The lack of financial resources to cover academic expenses is a main cause of this dropout, which limits the development of human capital and, consequently, the capacities of graduates to effectively contribute to the country's economic growth. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD 2023), each additional year of education can increase income by 8-10%, which highlights the potential loss in gross domestic product (GDP) associated with a dropout rate of 14%. From a social perspective, dropout particularly affects 68.9% of students from socioeconomic levels (SES) B and C, according to Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (Enaho, 2022) (as cited in Asociación Peruana de Empresas de Inteligencia de Mercados [Apeim, 2024]). This reduces their employment opportunities. The financing solutions available so far, such as the loans offered by Lumni and the alternatives of the National Scholarship and Educational Credit Program (Pronabec), present significant limitations in terms of accessibility and flexibility, especially affecting low-income students. The strict requirements to access loans limit the ability of many young people between 20 and 25 years of age to complete their higher education. The financial evaluation of the proposed solutions indicates a positive economic impact, a net present value (NPV) of S/4'105,152 as well as an internal rate of return (IRR) of 24%. The social NPV of S/4’529,673 indicates a significant impact, being 6 times greater than the financial NPV. With a social discount rate of 8% established by Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (MEF), which reflects its high social profitability. Yachay Pacha implements a more inclusive and accessible educational financing alternative that would not only benefit university students, but would also contribute to the growth of the country's GDP through the integration of a more qualified workforce.
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Deserción universitaria--Perú--Lima, Educación superior
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