Análisis crítico del discurso de las viñetas #MeGustaLaVidaSocial, elaboradas por ilustradoras peruanas y publicadas en Instagram, en octubre del 2020, a partir del caso de violación en grupo de “la manada de Surco”
Date
2024-09-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el 2020, se hizo mediático un caso de una violación grupal en Surco. La prensa difundió
la declaración del abogado de los acusados, en la que señaló que no se trataba de un
abuso sexual porque a la denunciante “le gustaba la vida social”. Como respuesta, mujeres
mileniales elaboraron mensajes de rechazo, entre ellos, viñetas con la etiqueta
#MeGustaLaVidaSocial en Instagram.
En esta discusión, se evidencian dos tipos de discursos sobre el caso. A partir de los
estudios de análisis crítico del discurso (ACD), se entiende que hay un discurso arraigado
en la sociedad que es difundido por medios de comunicación, como el del abogado.
Mientras tanto, los discursos de resistencia tienen menor influencia y difusión pero buscan
mayor acogida.
Por ello, se aplicó el ACD en diez viñetas para comprender cómo se construyeron discursos
de resistencia frente al abuso sexual. En el análisis se detectó que, aunque no se
representaron situaciones de violencia sexual, se muestra cómo las mujeres sufren la
violencia del discurso hegemónico a través de los comentarios que las culpan del abuso.
También se evidenció que las autoras de las viñetas condenaron que la discusión se centra
en las víctimas y no en los responsables del delito, sin embargo, a nivel de imagen, ellas
solo retrataron a personajes femeninos y no a los acusados. A través de todas las
dimensiones del análisis, las autoras condenaron que los hombres tienen licencia para
ejercer violencia sexual y discursiva contra las mujeres, para desalentarlas de tener vida
pública. Finalmente, se destaca que las autoras construyen discursos de resistencia contra
la violencia sexual de forma sostenida a pesar de no recibir remuneración y visibilidad y ser
hostigadas por troles.
In 2020, a gang rape case in Surco, Peru, made headlines. The press reported the statement of the defendants' lawyer, who said that it was not sexual abuse because the complainant "likes social life." In response, millennial women created messages of rejection, including cartoons with the hashtag #MeGustaLaVidaSocial, on Instagram. This discussion reveals two types of discourses about the case. Based on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) studies, it is understood that there is a discourse rooted in society that is disseminated by the media, such as the lawyer's discourse. Meanwhile, resistance discourses have less influence and dissemination but seek greater acceptance. Therefore, CDA was applied to ten cartoons to understand how resistance discourses were constructed against sexual abuse. The analysis found that, although no situations of sexual violence were represented, it shows how women suffer the violence of hegemonic discourse through comments that blame them for the abuse. It was also evident that the cartoonists condemned that the discussion focuses on the victims and not on those responsible for the crime, however, at the image level, they only portrayed female characters and not the accused. Through all the dimensions of the analysis, the authors condemned that men have the license to exercise sexual and discursive violence against women, to discourage them from having public life. Finally, it is noteworthy that the authors build resistance discourses against sexual violence in a sustained manner despite not receiving remuneration and visibility and being harassed by trolls.
In 2020, a gang rape case in Surco, Peru, made headlines. The press reported the statement of the defendants' lawyer, who said that it was not sexual abuse because the complainant "likes social life." In response, millennial women created messages of rejection, including cartoons with the hashtag #MeGustaLaVidaSocial, on Instagram. This discussion reveals two types of discourses about the case. Based on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) studies, it is understood that there is a discourse rooted in society that is disseminated by the media, such as the lawyer's discourse. Meanwhile, resistance discourses have less influence and dissemination but seek greater acceptance. Therefore, CDA was applied to ten cartoons to understand how resistance discourses were constructed against sexual abuse. The analysis found that, although no situations of sexual violence were represented, it shows how women suffer the violence of hegemonic discourse through comments that blame them for the abuse. It was also evident that the cartoonists condemned that the discussion focuses on the victims and not on those responsible for the crime, however, at the image level, they only portrayed female characters and not the accused. Through all the dimensions of the analysis, the authors condemned that men have the license to exercise sexual and discursive violence against women, to discourage them from having public life. Finally, it is noteworthy that the authors build resistance discourses against sexual violence in a sustained manner despite not receiving remuneration and visibility and being harassed by trolls.
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Keywords
Comunicación audiovisual--Aspectos sociales, Abuso sexual de mujeres, Mujeres--Conducta sexual, Sexualidad--Jóvenes
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