Aplicación de las Prácticas de Contabilidad Gerencial en una Empresa del Sector Metalmecánica
Date
2023-06-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Gestionar exitosamente una empresa está relacionada al uso de métodos y técnicas de
control proporcionados por las prácticas de contabilidad gerencial, entre ellas la
determinación del costo de producción. Sin embargo, muchas micro y pequeñas empresas la
desconocen o no las aplican. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo principal determinar el costo de
producción haciendo uso de la contabilidad tradicional de costos. Se abordó esta
problemática mediante una investigación cualitativa con un enfoque basado en un caso de
estudio instrumental en una PYME dedicada a la fabricación de marcos de bicicleta. Se
desarrolló la investigación con recopilación de datos aplicando entrevistas, revisión
documentaria y observación en campo de las actividades productivas suscitadas durante el
año 2022. Se determinó el costo de fabricación de los principales productos aplicando el
sistema de costeo híbrido, identificando los costos indirectos de fabricación que le
corresponde a cada proceso de producción y posteriormente distribuyendo los valores
acumulados a cada orden de fabricación mediante el registro de costos por pedido. Los
resultados sugieren que la aplicación de las prácticas de la contabilidad gerencial en una
pequeña empresa del sector metalmecánico requiere de la implementación previa de controles
mínimos de gestión, lo que a su vez se traduce en un mejor control de los costos y de los
recursos de la empresa.
Successfully managing a business is related to the use of control methods and techniques provided by management accounting practices, including production costing. However, many micro and small companies are unaware of it or do not apply it. The main objective of this study was to determine the cost of production using traditional cost accounting. This problem was addressed through qualitative research with an instrumental case study approach in an SME (small and medium-sized enterprises) dedicated to the manufacture of bicycle frames. The research was developed with data collection using a variety of methods; semi-structured interview, document review and field observation of productive activities that took place during the year 2022. The manufacturing cost of the main products was determined by applying the hybrid costing system, identifying the indirect manufacturing costs corresponding to each production process and then distributing the accumulated values to each manufacturing order through a costing system by work orders. Results suggest that the application of management accounting practices in a small company in the metal-mechanic sector requires the prior implementation of minimum management controls, which in turn translates into a better control of the company's costs and resources.
Successfully managing a business is related to the use of control methods and techniques provided by management accounting practices, including production costing. However, many micro and small companies are unaware of it or do not apply it. The main objective of this study was to determine the cost of production using traditional cost accounting. This problem was addressed through qualitative research with an instrumental case study approach in an SME (small and medium-sized enterprises) dedicated to the manufacture of bicycle frames. The research was developed with data collection using a variety of methods; semi-structured interview, document review and field observation of productive activities that took place during the year 2022. The manufacturing cost of the main products was determined by applying the hybrid costing system, identifying the indirect manufacturing costs corresponding to each production process and then distributing the accumulated values to each manufacturing order through a costing system by work orders. Results suggest that the application of management accounting practices in a small company in the metal-mechanic sector requires the prior implementation of minimum management controls, which in turn translates into a better control of the company's costs and resources.
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Keywords
Formación profesional, Contabilidad gerencial--Estudio de casos, Producción--Administración, Industria metalmecánica--Perú
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