Las estrategias de poder durante el contexto Wari: el caso de Pachamarka
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Las estrategias de poder en Pachamarka se reflejan en su arquitectura, cuyo diseño revela
relaciones con la capital Wari, donde la interacción estuvo marcada por el intercambio bajo
lógicas del antiguo mundo andino. Los constructores de Pachamarka asimilaron elementos de
la arquitectura Wari, combinándolos con sus propios diseños locales, resultando en un edificio
con la distintiva planta arquitectónica en forma de "D". Este tipo de construcciones proporcionó
un prestigio social que distinguió a Pachamarka en comparación con otros sitios
contemporáneos, y le dio un rol protagónico en las dinámicas socioeconómicas entre las
diversas ecozonas de los valles de Pampas y Apurímac, en la sierra central sur de los Andes
orientales.
Estas afirmaciones se dan luego de un trabajo que incluyó una prospección pedestre, un
levantamiento planimétrico y la excavación de cinco unidades, que permitieron determinar que
Pachamarka fue un sitio Wari de arquitectura rural donde la población acumuló poder a través
del intercambio de bienes y conocimientos entre la élite local y la élite ayacuchana. Esta
interacción debió respaldarse en la necesidad de consolidar la ruta de la capital Wari hacia
Espiritupampa, atravesando Jarqampata, Pachamarka y Llaullaku. La elección de este
asentamiento fue estratégica: en su primera ocupación, Pachamarka fue multifuncional porque
funcionó como un asentamiento doméstico que a su vez albergó temporalmente a las personas
en el diseño de habitaciones-patios, donde se hallaron restos de cerámica de estilos Wari. Estos
hallazgos fueron corroborados por fechados de radiocarbono, calibrados entre los años 706 -
988 d.C. Finalmente, en su segunda ocupación (calibrados entre 1281 - 1398 d.C), el sitio fue
reutilizado como espacio funerario en el contexto del culto a los ancestros, legitimando así el
poder de la élite de Pachamarka ante otros grupos afines
The power strategies at Pachamarka are reflected in its architecture, whose design reveals links with the Wari capital, where interaction was marked by exchange under the logic of the ancient Andean world. The builders of Pachamarka assimilated elements of Wari architecture, combining them with their own local designs, resulting in a building with a distinctive "D"-shaped architectural plan. This type of construction provided a social prestige that distinguished Pachamarka compared to other contemporary sites and gave it a leading role in the socioeconomic dynamics between the various ecozones of the Pampas and Apurímac valleys, in the south-central highlands of the eastern Andes. These findings are based on work that included a pedestrian survey, a planimetric survey, and the excavation of five units, which allowed us to determine that Pachamarka was a Wari site of rural architecture where the population accumulated power through the exchange of goods and knowledge between the local elite and the Ayacucho elite. This interaction must have been supported by the need to consolidate the route from the Wari capital to Espiritupampa, passing through Jarqampata, Pachamarka, and Llaullaku. The choice of this settlement was strategic: during its first occupation, Pachamarka was multifunctional because it functioned as a domestic settlement that also temporarily housed people in the courtyard-room design, where Wari-style ceramic remains were found. These findings were corroborated by radiocarbon dating, calibrated between 706 - 988 AD. Finally, during its second occupation (calibrated between 1281 - 1398 AD), the site was reused as a funerary space in the context of ancestor worship, thus legitimizing the power of the Pachamarka elite vis-à-vis other related groups.
The power strategies at Pachamarka are reflected in its architecture, whose design reveals links with the Wari capital, where interaction was marked by exchange under the logic of the ancient Andean world. The builders of Pachamarka assimilated elements of Wari architecture, combining them with their own local designs, resulting in a building with a distinctive "D"-shaped architectural plan. This type of construction provided a social prestige that distinguished Pachamarka compared to other contemporary sites and gave it a leading role in the socioeconomic dynamics between the various ecozones of the Pampas and Apurímac valleys, in the south-central highlands of the eastern Andes. These findings are based on work that included a pedestrian survey, a planimetric survey, and the excavation of five units, which allowed us to determine that Pachamarka was a Wari site of rural architecture where the population accumulated power through the exchange of goods and knowledge between the local elite and the Ayacucho elite. This interaction must have been supported by the need to consolidate the route from the Wari capital to Espiritupampa, passing through Jarqampata, Pachamarka, and Llaullaku. The choice of this settlement was strategic: during its first occupation, Pachamarka was multifunctional because it functioned as a domestic settlement that also temporarily housed people in the courtyard-room design, where Wari-style ceramic remains were found. These findings were corroborated by radiocarbon dating, calibrated between 706 - 988 AD. Finally, during its second occupation (calibrated between 1281 - 1398 AD), the site was reused as a funerary space in the context of ancestor worship, thus legitimizing the power of the Pachamarka elite vis-à-vis other related groups.
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Perú--Restos arqueológicos--Época prehispánica, Huari, Cultura--Restos arqueológicos, Huari, Cultura--Cerámica, Urbanismo--Perú--Historia--Época prehispánica, Pachamarka (Perú)--Restos arqueológicos
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