El derecho a la información defensiva del demandado en el proceso civil peruano: una tarea pendiente
Date
2024-02-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El objetivo principal del presente trabajo de tesis es demostrar que en el
proceso civil, un demandado –al igual que inculpado en el ámbito penal– tiene
derecho a que las autoridades judiciales le brinden –como parte de la
efectivización del derecho de defensa constitucionalmente asegurado por el
inciso 14 del artículo 139 de la Constitución peruana– con la primera
notificación que se le curse, información sobre sus derechos defensivos, las
condiciones y plazos para su ejercicio, así como de las consecuencias
negativas de no ejercitarlos o ejercitarlos tardíamente.
Para lograr este objetivo, en el trabajo de tesis se individualiza,
primero, el origen del deber de las autoridades de brindar información
defensiva a los inculpados en el ámbito penal y su progresivo reconocimiento
en el ámbito extrapenal, hasta llegar a la individualización , en particular, en
el espacio jurídico europeo, de un estándar informativo para el demandado en
un proceso civil; luego, se constata el estado deficitario de la información
defensiva que se brinda al demandado en el actual proceso civil peruano;
finalmente, se sustentan las razones por las cuales resulta imperativo no solo
reconocer sino plasmar, en términos sencillos y comprensibles, el derecho a la
información defensiva del demandado, sin que ello requiera de modificación
legislativa alguna, bastando únicamente de buenas prácticas judiciales. Por
último, se hace una propuesta concreta de información defensiva a brindarse
en la primera resolución judicial que se notifica al demandado así como de
aquella que debería estar contenida en el documento de notificación.
The main objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that in civil proceedings, a defendant – as well as a accused in the criminal field – has the right to be provided by the judicial authorities – as part of the effectiveness of the right of defense constitutionally guaranteed by paragraph 14 of article 139 of the Peruvian Constitution – with the first notification that is given to him, Information on your defensive rights, the conditions and deadlines for exercising them, as well as the negative consequences of not exercising them or exercising them late. To achieve this objective, the thesis work individualizes, first, the origin of the duty of the authorities to provide defensive information to the accused in the criminal field and its progressive recognition in the extra-criminal field, until reaching the individualization, in particular, in the European legal area, of an informative standard for the defendant in a civil proceeding; Then, the deficient state of the defensive information provided to the defendant in the current Peruvian civil proceeding is confirmed; Finally, the reasons why it is imperative not only to recognize but also to express, in simple and understandable terms, the right to defensive information of the defendant are supported, without this requiring any legislative modification, only good judicial practices being sufficient. Finally, a specific proposal is made for defensive information to be provided in the first judicial decision that is served on the defendant as well as that which should be contained in the notification document.
The main objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that in civil proceedings, a defendant – as well as a accused in the criminal field – has the right to be provided by the judicial authorities – as part of the effectiveness of the right of defense constitutionally guaranteed by paragraph 14 of article 139 of the Peruvian Constitution – with the first notification that is given to him, Information on your defensive rights, the conditions and deadlines for exercising them, as well as the negative consequences of not exercising them or exercising them late. To achieve this objective, the thesis work individualizes, first, the origin of the duty of the authorities to provide defensive information to the accused in the criminal field and its progressive recognition in the extra-criminal field, until reaching the individualization, in particular, in the European legal area, of an informative standard for the defendant in a civil proceeding; Then, the deficient state of the defensive information provided to the defendant in the current Peruvian civil proceeding is confirmed; Finally, the reasons why it is imperative not only to recognize but also to express, in simple and understandable terms, the right to defensive information of the defendant are supported, without this requiring any legislative modification, only good judicial practices being sufficient. Finally, a specific proposal is made for defensive information to be provided in the first judicial decision that is served on the defendant as well as that which should be contained in the notification document.
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Derecho procesal civil--Perú, Defensa (Procedimiento civil)--Perú, Debido proceso--Perú
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