Evaluación de la implementación de sistemas de almacenamiento de energía en baterías en el Sistema Eléctrico Interconectado Nacional al 2030
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La participación de las Energías Renovables No Convencionales en el Sistema
Eléctrico Interconectado Nacional ha crecido de forma sostenida en los últimos años,
alcanzando en 2024 una cobertura del 9,25% de la demanda de energía.
Este incremento ha significado vertimientos en el sistema; esto es, energía no
generada aun cuando hay disponibilidad del recurso natural y la capacidad técnica
para ello. Aunque hoy no representan un problema significativo, podrían serlo en el
futuro cercano, dado que el Gobierno peruano ha establecido como meta que, al 2030,
el 20% de la demanda eléctrica sea cubierta con energías renovables.
En ese contexto, el presente trabajo de investigación evalúa la implementación de
sistemas de almacenamiento en baterías hacia el año 2030 como una solución al
problema de los vertimientos. A partir de ello, se analiza la necesidad de realizar
modificaciones en la regulación del mercado eléctrico para facilitar su integración.
Se describe la normativa vigente y las estrategias previas adoptadas por el Estado
para fomentar las inversiones en energías renovables, junto con los resultados
obtenidos. Asimismo, se revisa la historia, situación actual y proyecciones de la oferta
y demanda eléctrica, así como la evolución de la participación de las Energías
Renovables No Convencionales en la matriz. Finalmente, con base en información
técnica y operativa de proyectos nacionales e internacionales, se estima la potencia
de almacenamiento requerida para mitigar los vertimientos y sus costos asociados.
Los resultados evidencian que, bajo las condiciones actuales del mercado, la
implementación de sistemas de almacenamiento en baterías no resulta atractiva para
el inversionista privado. Por ello, se concluye que es necesario introducir cambios en
la regulación eléctrica que permitan viabilizar su participación y asegurar su
sostenibilidad. En particular, se propone habilitar su participación en los mercados de
energía y potencia, mediante mecanismos que remuneren adecuadamente su aporte
al sistema, sin que ello implique el uso de subsidios.
The participation of Non-Conventional Renewable Energies in the National Interconnected Electricity System has grown steadily in recent years, reaching a coverage of 9.25% of the energy demand in 2024. This increase has resulted in curtailments in the system; that is, energy not generated despite the availability of the natural resource and the technical capacity to do so. Although they do not currently represent a significant problem, they could become one in the near future, given that the Peruvian Government has set the goal that by 2030, 20% of electricity demand will be met with renewable energy. In this context, this research work evaluates the implementation of battery storage systems by the year 2030 as a solution to the problem of waste disposal. Based on this, the need to modify the regulation of the electricity market to facilitate its integration is analyzed. The current regulations and previous strategies adopted by the State to promote investment in renewable energy are described, along with the results obtained. The history, current situation, and projections of electricity supply and demand are also reviewed, as well as the evolution of the share of non-conventional renewable energy in the energy mix. Finally, based on technical and operational information from national and international projects, the storage capacity required to mitigate discharges and their associated costs are estimated. The results show that, under current market conditions, the implementation of battery storage systems is not attractive to private investors. Therefore, it is concluded that changes to electricity regulation are necessary to facilitate their participation and ensure their sustainability. In particular, it is proposed to enable their participation in the energy and power markets through mechanisms that adequately compensate their contribution to the system, without implying the use of subsidies.
The participation of Non-Conventional Renewable Energies in the National Interconnected Electricity System has grown steadily in recent years, reaching a coverage of 9.25% of the energy demand in 2024. This increase has resulted in curtailments in the system; that is, energy not generated despite the availability of the natural resource and the technical capacity to do so. Although they do not currently represent a significant problem, they could become one in the near future, given that the Peruvian Government has set the goal that by 2030, 20% of electricity demand will be met with renewable energy. In this context, this research work evaluates the implementation of battery storage systems by the year 2030 as a solution to the problem of waste disposal. Based on this, the need to modify the regulation of the electricity market to facilitate its integration is analyzed. The current regulations and previous strategies adopted by the State to promote investment in renewable energy are described, along with the results obtained. The history, current situation, and projections of electricity supply and demand are also reviewed, as well as the evolution of the share of non-conventional renewable energy in the energy mix. Finally, based on technical and operational information from national and international projects, the storage capacity required to mitigate discharges and their associated costs are estimated. The results show that, under current market conditions, the implementation of battery storage systems is not attractive to private investors. Therefore, it is concluded that changes to electricity regulation are necessary to facilitate their participation and ensure their sustainability. In particular, it is proposed to enable their participation in the energy and power markets through mechanisms that adequately compensate their contribution to the system, without implying the use of subsidies.
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Recursos energéticos renovables--Almacenamiento--Perú, Baterías eléctricas, Política energética--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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