Análisis de la intervención social para la mejora de las prácticas en el uso del agua potable y alcantarillado de la población beneficiaria del proyecto de rehabilitación de redes de agua potable y alcantarillado lote 3 de Sedapal, Comas, Lima
Date
2017-10-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Las políticas públicas sobre recursos hídricos en el Perú establecen los
lineamientos para los programas y proyectos de saneamiento. Pero para la
sostenibilidad del recurso agua y de los sistemas de distribución y disposición es
indispensable la participación de la población. Es así que estos proyectos
cuentan con equipos de intervención social responsables de difundir los trabajos,
atender incidencias con la comunidad y capacitarla. La presente tesis analiza las
actividades del equipo de intervención social del proyecto “Lote 3” de SEDAPAL
(Servicio de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado de Lima) desarrollado en el distrito de
Comas, Lima, para determinar si modificó el comportamiento de la población en
sus prácticas de uso del agua potable y del alcantarillado. Para ese fin se
realizaron entrevistas a representantes vecinales, al equipo de intervención
social del proyecto y a la responsable por SEDAPAL. El marco teórico está
conformado por los enfoques de desarrollo humano, el comunitario y de medio
ambiente, la ley de recursos hídricos así como los planes del Ministerio de
Vivienda, de SEDAPAL, de la empresa constructora ejecutora del proyecto así
como sus informes. La investigación es oportuna para evaluar esta experiencia y
su contribución efectiva en el aspecto social. Desde la Gerencia Social, se busca
identificar, analizar y proponer la optimización de la intervención social. Además,
los hallazgos son de utilidad para proyectos similares. Se evidencia que los
usuarios entrevistados no tienen claros sus derechos y deberes como usuarios
de agua potable y cuidan del recurso sólo por su alto costo económico tras la
instalación de medidores. Asimismo, no perciben un cambio sustancial tras el
proyecto; mencionan que el equipo social priorizó la atención de contingencias
para facilitar la obra y no su capacitación. Finalmente, desconocen las razones
del proyecto, pero lo consideran positivo y aceptarían otro similar dado su
beneficio.
Public policies on water resources in Peru address guidelines for sanitation programs and projects. The participation of the population is a fundamental factor for the water sustainability and the systems of distribution and treatment. These projects have social intervention teams responsible of disseminate the project, manage issues with the community and train it. This thesis analyze the activities of the social intervention team of the project "Lote 3" of SEDAPAL (Service of potable water and sewage of Lima) developed in the district of Comas, Lima; to determine if it changed the behavior of the population about best practices in the use of water and sanitation. It includes interviews to neighborhood representatives, members of the social intervention team and a responsible for SEDAPAL. Theoretical framework is conformed by Human Development, communitary and environmental aproaches. Furthermore, water resources laws and plans of Ministry of Housing of Perú, SEDAPAL and reports of the construction company. This research is timely to evaluate this experience and its effects in social aspects. Since Social Management, we try to identify, analize and propose the improverment of social intervention. Moreover, the results are useful for similar projects in the future. It’s proven that users don’t recognize rights and duties as water users and they care the water only for its economic cost after the installation of water measurers. They don’t perceive an important change after the project and mention that social team prioritized the attention of incidents in order to the project and leave the user’s training. Finally, population don’t know the reasons for the project but it’s considered positive and they would accept another one for its benefits.
Public policies on water resources in Peru address guidelines for sanitation programs and projects. The participation of the population is a fundamental factor for the water sustainability and the systems of distribution and treatment. These projects have social intervention teams responsible of disseminate the project, manage issues with the community and train it. This thesis analyze the activities of the social intervention team of the project "Lote 3" of SEDAPAL (Service of potable water and sewage of Lima) developed in the district of Comas, Lima; to determine if it changed the behavior of the population about best practices in the use of water and sanitation. It includes interviews to neighborhood representatives, members of the social intervention team and a responsible for SEDAPAL. Theoretical framework is conformed by Human Development, communitary and environmental aproaches. Furthermore, water resources laws and plans of Ministry of Housing of Perú, SEDAPAL and reports of the construction company. This research is timely to evaluate this experience and its effects in social aspects. Since Social Management, we try to identify, analize and propose the improverment of social intervention. Moreover, the results are useful for similar projects in the future. It’s proven that users don’t recognize rights and duties as water users and they care the water only for its economic cost after the installation of water measurers. They don’t perceive an important change after the project and mention that social team prioritized the attention of incidents in order to the project and leave the user’s training. Finally, population don’t know the reasons for the project but it’s considered positive and they would accept another one for its benefits.
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Keywords
Servicio social--Perú, Recursos hidrológicos--Perú--Lima, Agua potable--Proyectos--Perú--Lima, Alcantarillado
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