Familia y voto: La influencia familiar en la decisión electoral en el Perú
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
Este estudio analiza la influencia de la familia en la decisión de voto de los ciudadanos
peruanos a partir de encuestas nacionales realizadas durante los procesos electorales
de 2006, 2016 y 2021. El objetivo fue identificar los factores sociodemográficos y
actitudinales asociados a la autopercepción de influencia familiar. Se prestó atención
a la eficacia política como componente actitudinal relevante, con el fin de explorar su
capacidad explicativa sobre dicha autopercepción, la cual, además, se compara en
distintos momentos electorales. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo basado en análisis
descriptivos, bivariados y modelos de regresión logística binaria sobre muestras
representativas a nivel nacional.
Los resultados muestran que la edad joven, la residencia en Lima Metropolitana y
Callao, así como la religiosidad, se asocian de manera significativa con una mayor
probabilidad de declarar influencia familiar en la decisión de voto. Por el contrario, no
se halló una relación significativa entre la percepción de eficacia política, tanto interna
como externa, con dicha influencia familiar, lo cual indica una menor capacidad
explicativa de aquella dimensión actitudinal. Además, se observó una disminución de
la influencia familiar en el proceso electoral de 2021 respecto a 2016, lo cual sugiere
un mayor peso del contexto social y político, así como la -emergencia de otros factores
de influencia.
Los hallazgos confirman que la familia sigue siendo un agente de socialización política
relevante, aunque su influencia varía según el grupo social y el contexto. La
investigación aporta evidencia empírica para comprender las dinámicas electorales en
escenarios de baja institucionalidad y destaca la necesidad de incorporar la dimensión
familiar en futuros estudios sobre cultura política y comportamiento electoral en el
Perú.
This study examines the influence of the family on voting decisions among Peruvian citizens, drawing on national survey data collected during the electoral processes of 2006, 2016, and 2021. The objective was to identify the sociodemographic and attitudinal factors associated with individuals’ self-perceived family influence on their voting choices. Particular attention was paid to political efficacy as a relevant attitudinal component, in order to assess its explanatory capacity regarding such selfperceptions, which are also compared across different electoral moments. The study adopts a quantitative approach based on descriptive and bivariate analyses, as well as binary logistic regression models applied to nationally representative samples. The results indicate that younger age, residence in Metropolitan Lima and Callao, and religiosity are significantly associated with a higher probability of reporting family influence on voting decisions. By contrast, no significant relationship was found between perceived political efficacy—either internal or external—and family influence, suggesting a limited explanatory capacity of this attitudinal dimension. In addition, a decline in family influence was observed in the 2021 electoral process compared to 2016, pointing to the growing weight of the social and political context, as well as the emergence of other sources of influence. Overall, the findings confirm that the family remains a relevant agent of political socialization, although its influence varies across social groups and contextual settings. This research provides empirical evidence to advance the understanding of electoral dynamics in contexts of low institutionalization and underscores the need to incorporate the family dimension in future studies on political culture and electoral behavior in Peru.
This study examines the influence of the family on voting decisions among Peruvian citizens, drawing on national survey data collected during the electoral processes of 2006, 2016, and 2021. The objective was to identify the sociodemographic and attitudinal factors associated with individuals’ self-perceived family influence on their voting choices. Particular attention was paid to political efficacy as a relevant attitudinal component, in order to assess its explanatory capacity regarding such selfperceptions, which are also compared across different electoral moments. The study adopts a quantitative approach based on descriptive and bivariate analyses, as well as binary logistic regression models applied to nationally representative samples. The results indicate that younger age, residence in Metropolitan Lima and Callao, and religiosity are significantly associated with a higher probability of reporting family influence on voting decisions. By contrast, no significant relationship was found between perceived political efficacy—either internal or external—and family influence, suggesting a limited explanatory capacity of this attitudinal dimension. In addition, a decline in family influence was observed in the 2021 electoral process compared to 2016, pointing to the growing weight of the social and political context, as well as the emergence of other sources of influence. Overall, the findings confirm that the family remains a relevant agent of political socialization, although its influence varies across social groups and contextual settings. This research provides empirical evidence to advance the understanding of electoral dynamics in contexts of low institutionalization and underscores the need to incorporate the family dimension in future studies on political culture and electoral behavior in Peru.
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Influencia de los padres--Aspectos políticos--Perú, Votación--Perú, Cultura política--Perú, Socialización política--Perú
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Licencia Creative Commons
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