El encarcelamiento penal como factor de generación de la pobreza: Un estudio de las familias de los presos en el Establecimiento Penitenciario de Lurigancho en 2024
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente tesis tuvo como objetivo indagar cómo el encarcelamiento de un
miembro de la familia, vinculado a delitos contra el patrimonio, en el Establecimiento
Penitenciario de Lurigancho, en el año 2024, contribuye a la generación de pobreza
en los hogares afectados, a través de la inversión de recursos monetarios, el
empleo del tiempo y la prestación de soporte y cuidado. Para ello, se formularon
cinco objetivos específicos: identificar el perfil socioeconómico y de género de las
familias, los recursos monetarios destinados, el tiempo invertido y el soporte y
cuidado que estas brindan al familiar privado de libertad. El desarrollo de esta
investigación fue posible gracias al respaldo de fuentes académicas, tanto
nacionales como extranjeras, que resultaron fundamentales para construir el estado
del arte sobre esta problemática social, poco explorada en nuestra realidad. Se
utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, aplicando como única técnica las entrevistas
semiestructuradas realizadas a diez familiares de internos condenados por el delito
de robo agravado. Los resultados arrojaron hallazgos relevantes que confirmaron el
marco teórico propuesto sobre los efectos colaterales del encarcelamiento y las
estrategias que las familias adoptan frente a situaciones de crisis, siendo la
reclusión de un ser querido una de ellas. Un hallazgo clave fue que el
acompañamiento durante el encarcelamiento tiene, predominantemente, rostro
femenino. Son las mujeres quienes asumen la mayor carga, no solo en términos
materiales, sino también emocionales. A pesar de tratarse de familias en situación
de pobreza —cuyas condiciones se ven aún más vulneradas por los altos costos del
encarcelamiento, incluyendo gastos asociados a economías ilegales dentro del
penal—, lo cierto es que la familia, como institución social primaria, cumple un rol
esencial. Incluso en contextos de familias monoparentales, encabezadas
mayoritariamente por mujeres, se evidencia una capacidad de resiliencia,
solidaridad y cobertura frente al limitado apoyo del Estado. Este rol resulta
fundamental para sostener la dignidad de sus familiares encarcelados, así como el
funcionamiento cotidiano del sistema penitenciario mismo.
This thesis explores how the incarceration of a family member, convicted of crimes against property, at the Lurigancho Penitentiary in 2024 contributes to the perpetuation of poverty in affected households, through the expenditure of financial resources, the use of time, and the provision of emotional and material support. Five specific objectives guided the study: to identify the families’ socioeconomic and gender profiles, the financial resources allocated, the time invested, and the type of support and care provided to the incarcerated relative. The research was grounded in both national and international academic sources, which were instrumental in building the state of the art on this underexplored social issue. A qualitative approach was adopted, employing semi-structured interviews as the sole data collection method. These interviews were conducted with ten relatives of inmates convicted of aggravated robbery. The findings provided significant insights that confirmed the theoretical framework on the collateral consequences of incarceration and the strategies families adopt in response to crises—of which the imprisonment of a loved one is a prime example. A key discovery was that caregiving during incarceration is predominantly undertaken by women. They shoulder the greatest burden—not only materially, but also emotionally and socially. Despite living in poverty—further exacerbated by the high costs associated with incarceration, including those related to illicit prison economies—families, as primary social institutions, play a critical role. Even in single-parent households, mostly led by women, resilience, solidarity, and mutual support emerge in response to the lack of institutional assistance. This role is fundamental not only in preserving the dignity of incarcerated relatives but also in sustaining the daily operations of the penitentiary system itself.
This thesis explores how the incarceration of a family member, convicted of crimes against property, at the Lurigancho Penitentiary in 2024 contributes to the perpetuation of poverty in affected households, through the expenditure of financial resources, the use of time, and the provision of emotional and material support. Five specific objectives guided the study: to identify the families’ socioeconomic and gender profiles, the financial resources allocated, the time invested, and the type of support and care provided to the incarcerated relative. The research was grounded in both national and international academic sources, which were instrumental in building the state of the art on this underexplored social issue. A qualitative approach was adopted, employing semi-structured interviews as the sole data collection method. These interviews were conducted with ten relatives of inmates convicted of aggravated robbery. The findings provided significant insights that confirmed the theoretical framework on the collateral consequences of incarceration and the strategies families adopt in response to crises—of which the imprisonment of a loved one is a prime example. A key discovery was that caregiving during incarceration is predominantly undertaken by women. They shoulder the greatest burden—not only materially, but also emotionally and socially. Despite living in poverty—further exacerbated by the high costs associated with incarceration, including those related to illicit prison economies—families, as primary social institutions, play a critical role. Even in single-parent households, mostly led by women, resilience, solidarity, and mutual support emerge in response to the lack of institutional assistance. This role is fundamental not only in preserving the dignity of incarcerated relatives but also in sustaining the daily operations of the penitentiary system itself.
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Familias de los prisioneros--Perú, Prisiones--Perú--San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima : Distrito), Pobreza--Perú
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