Frames periodísticos, criterios de noticiabilidad y su impacto en la equidad y pluralidad de la agencia Andina durante las elecciones generales de 2016 y 2021
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La investigación analiza la cobertura periodística de la Agencia de Noticias Andina
durante las elecciones generales del Perú de 2016 y 2021, con el propósito de evaluar
en qué medida garantizó equidad y pluralidad informativa en la etapa electoral. El
estudio se sustenta en un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo y comparativo de carácter
longitudinal retrospectivo, basado en la técnica del análisis de contenido. Se examinó
un corpus de 478 notas informativas publicadas en los treinta días previos a la primera
vuelta de ambos procesos electorales, codificando variables asociadas a la equidad
en la visibilidad de los candidatos, la pluralidad de voces y la aplicación de criterios
de noticiabilidad, así como la presencia de distintos encuadres noticiosos. Los
resultados muestran que, aunque la cobertura mantuvo un nivel formal de pluralidad
al incluir a los principales contendientes, la equidad se vio afectada por la
sobrerrepresentación de ciertos candidatos con mayor peso mediático. Asimismo, se
evidenció un predominio de encuadres declarativos y episódicos, junto con una
relativa baja proporción de enfoques propositivos y críticos, lo que limita la calidad del
debate público. Estos hallazgos permiten reflexionar sobre los desafíos de los medios
estatales en contextos electorales y su responsabilidad democrática en la
construcción de una esfera pública equilibrada.
This study analyzes the media coverage of Peru's 2016 and 2021 general elections, specifically focusing on Andina News Agency. The research aims to assess the extent to which it ensured fairness and plurality of information during the electoral process. Based on the technique of content analysis, the study was developed with a quantitative, descriptive and comparative approach and it is of a retrospective longitudinal nature. A total of 478 news articles published within the 30-day period prior to the first round of both elections were included for analysis, coding variables associated with fairness in the visibility of candidates, the plurality of voices and the application of newsworthiness criteria, as well as the use of different news frames. The results show that although there was a sufficient level of plurality, the excessive coverage of certain candidates, with greater media exposure, damaged fair and equal treatment to all candidates. Likewise, a predominance of declarative and episodic framing was evident, along with a relatively low proportion of propositional and critical approaches, which limits the quality of public debate. These findings allow for reflection on the challenges faced by state media in times of elections and its democratic responsibility in building a balanced public perception.
This study analyzes the media coverage of Peru's 2016 and 2021 general elections, specifically focusing on Andina News Agency. The research aims to assess the extent to which it ensured fairness and plurality of information during the electoral process. Based on the technique of content analysis, the study was developed with a quantitative, descriptive and comparative approach and it is of a retrospective longitudinal nature. A total of 478 news articles published within the 30-day period prior to the first round of both elections were included for analysis, coding variables associated with fairness in the visibility of candidates, the plurality of voices and the application of newsworthiness criteria, as well as the use of different news frames. The results show that although there was a sufficient level of plurality, the excessive coverage of certain candidates, with greater media exposure, damaged fair and equal treatment to all candidates. Likewise, a predominance of declarative and episodic framing was evident, along with a relatively low proportion of propositional and critical approaches, which limits the quality of public debate. These findings allow for reflection on the challenges faced by state media in times of elections and its democratic responsibility in building a balanced public perception.
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Pluralismo, Elecciones--Cobertura de la prensa--Perú, Periodismo--Aspectos políticos
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