Bajo los lentes de la ecología política y los sensores remotos: análisis del caso Llallimayo en Puno
Date
2025-03-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
Esta investigación analiza el impacto de las actividades mineras del grupo Aruntani en el
agua de la cuenca del río Llallimayo, utilizando un enfoque basado en la ecología política,
el extractivismo, la captura corporativa y tecnologías avanzadas de percepción remota.
Introduce el concepto de conflictos ecobiopolíticos extractivistas y las variables de
composición en grupo e impactos ecobiopolíticos para identificar de manera más precisa
las actividades extractivas. Además, la investigación descifra por primera vez la detallada
composición del grupo Aruntani, revelando su estructura corporativa y las complejas
relaciones de poder que sostienen sus operaciones. La investigación demuestra que la
ubicación de los minerales y las actividades extractivas del grupo Aruntani han tenido un
impacto profundo tanto en las relaciones de poder entre el Estado y la sociedad civil, como
en la contaminación ambiental de la cuenca Llallimayo. Además, se demuestra también que
la dispersión de contaminantes no se ha limitado a las áreas de influencia inicialmente
delimitadas por el grupo Aruntani, sino que afectaron ecosistemas y poblaciones ubicadas
aguas abajo, extendiendo el impacto más allá de lo previsto.
La metodología combinó métodos interpretativos y cualitativos. El primero utilizó el
procesamiento de imágenes satelitales en Google Earth Engine para identificar cambios en
el uso del suelo que están asociados con la contaminación del agua producto de las
actividades mineras del Grupo Aruntani. El enfoque cualitativo incluyó entrevistas
semiestructuradas a 29 actores clave y la revisión de 252 documentos secundarios.
This research analyzes the impact of the mining activities of the Aruntani group in the water of Llallimayo basin, using an approach based on political ecology, extractivism, corporate capture, and advanced remote sensing technologies. It introduces the concept of extractive ecobiopolitical conflicts and the variables of group composition and ecobiopolitical impacts to more accurately identify extractive activities. Additionally, the research deciphers for the first time the detailed composition of the Aruntani group, revealing its corporate structure and the complex power relations that sustain its operations. The research demonstrates that the location of the minerals and the extractive activities of the Aruntani group have had a profound impact both on power relations between the State and civil society, and on the environmental contamination of the Llallimayo basin. Furthermore, it also shows that the dispersion of contaminants has not been limited to the areas of influence initially defined by the Aruntani group, but has affected ecosystems and populations located downstream, extending the impact beyond what was anticipated. The methodology combined interpretive and qualitative methods. The first utilized satellite image processing in Google Earth Engine to identify land-use changes associated with water contamination resulting from the mining activities of the Aruntani Group. The qualitative approach included semi-structured interviews with 29 key stakeholders and the review of 252 secondary documents.
This research analyzes the impact of the mining activities of the Aruntani group in the water of Llallimayo basin, using an approach based on political ecology, extractivism, corporate capture, and advanced remote sensing technologies. It introduces the concept of extractive ecobiopolitical conflicts and the variables of group composition and ecobiopolitical impacts to more accurately identify extractive activities. Additionally, the research deciphers for the first time the detailed composition of the Aruntani group, revealing its corporate structure and the complex power relations that sustain its operations. The research demonstrates that the location of the minerals and the extractive activities of the Aruntani group have had a profound impact both on power relations between the State and civil society, and on the environmental contamination of the Llallimayo basin. Furthermore, it also shows that the dispersion of contaminants has not been limited to the areas of influence initially defined by the Aruntani group, but has affected ecosystems and populations located downstream, extending the impact beyond what was anticipated. The methodology combined interpretive and qualitative methods. The first utilized satellite image processing in Google Earth Engine to identify land-use changes associated with water contamination resulting from the mining activities of the Aruntani Group. The qualitative approach included semi-structured interviews with 29 key stakeholders and the review of 252 secondary documents.
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Keywords
Industria minera--Perú--Puno, Utilización del agua--Perú--Puno, Impacto ambiental--Análisis, Agua--Contaminación--Perú--Puno
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