Características de la producción de habla de niños de 5 a 8 años de una institución educativa privada de Los Olivos, 2024
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El objetivo de la investigación es identificar las características de la producción del habla en niños
de 5 a 8 años 11 meses de una institución educativa privada de Los Olivos, 2024. El tipo y diseño
de investigación es transversal, descriptivo y no experimental, la población está conformada por
63 alumnos, de inicial de 5 años, primero y segundo de primaria, realizándose un muestreo no
probabilístico intencional o por conveniencia. La muestra está conformada por 27 alumnos entre
niños y niñas, que cumplen los siguientes criterios de inclusión y exclusión: niños cuyos padres
firman el asentimiento informado y sin problemas neurológicos de etiología orgánica, niños sin
síndromes dismorfogenéticos o cromosómicos, sin déficit auditivo, sin fisura labio palatina o
labio leporino y sin alteraciones craneofaciales congénitas. Como instrumento se emplea el
Examen Miofuncional Orofacial– MBGR de Irene Marchesan del 2009 adaptado. Entre los
resultados más significativos, encontramos que, el 26% de la muestra presenta dificultades para
la producción del habla; los fonos con producción alterada, es decir con inadecuado control motor
fueron las vibrantes, el fricativo /s/, el linguodental /d/ y el velar /g/. Del total de habla alterada,
el 39% es de origen musculoesquelético percibiéndose distorsiones para producir los fonos /r/
vibrante y el grupo consonántico /dr/, relacionado con frenillo sublingual corto con fijación
anteriorizada y; distorsión para producir el fono /s/ debido a lengua grande de aspecto flácido y
maloclusión dentaria. El 71% es de origen fonético fonológico y lo fonos que se sustituyeron con
más frecuencia fueron los linguodentales /l/, /d/ y el alveolar /r/, en los niños entre 5 y 7 años.
Conclusiones: el 26% del de la muestra presenta habla alterada, de ellos el 71% es de origen
fonético fonológico evidenciándose por sustituciones, omisiones o distorsiones durante el habla.
The objective of the research is to identify the characteristics of speech production in children aged 5 to 8 years 11 months in a private educational institution in Los Olivos, 2024. The type and design of the research is transversal, descriptive and non-experimental, the population is made up of 63 students, from 5 years old, first and second grade of elementary school, using a nonprobabilistic intentional or convenience sampling. Our sample is made up of 27 students, boys and girls, who meet the following inclusion and exclusion criteria: children whose parents sign the informed consent and without neurological problems of organic etiology, children without dysmorphogenetic or chromosomal syndromes, without hearing deficit, without cleft lip and palate or cleft lip and without congenital craniofacial alterations. The instrument used was the Myofunctional Orofacial Examination - MBGR of Irene Marchesan, 2009, adapted. Among the most significant results, we found that 26% of the sample presented difficulties in speech production; the phonemes with altered production, i.e. with inadequate motor control were the vibrants, the fricative /s/, the linguodental /d/ and the velar /g/. Of the total of altered speech, 39% is of musculoskeletal origin, perceiving distortions to produce the phonemes /r/ vibrant and the consonant group /dr/, related to short sublingual frenulum with anteriorized fixation and; distortion to produce the phoneme /s/ due to large tongue with flaccid aspect and dental malocclusion. The 71% is of phonetic phonological origin and the most frequently substituted phonemes were the linguodental /l/, /d/ and the alveolar /r/, in children between 5 and 7 years of age. Conclusions: 26% of the sample presented altered speech, 71% of which was phoneticphonological in origin, evidenced by substitutions, omissions or distortions during speech.
The objective of the research is to identify the characteristics of speech production in children aged 5 to 8 years 11 months in a private educational institution in Los Olivos, 2024. The type and design of the research is transversal, descriptive and non-experimental, the population is made up of 63 students, from 5 years old, first and second grade of elementary school, using a nonprobabilistic intentional or convenience sampling. Our sample is made up of 27 students, boys and girls, who meet the following inclusion and exclusion criteria: children whose parents sign the informed consent and without neurological problems of organic etiology, children without dysmorphogenetic or chromosomal syndromes, without hearing deficit, without cleft lip and palate or cleft lip and without congenital craniofacial alterations. The instrument used was the Myofunctional Orofacial Examination - MBGR of Irene Marchesan, 2009, adapted. Among the most significant results, we found that 26% of the sample presented difficulties in speech production; the phonemes with altered production, i.e. with inadequate motor control were the vibrants, the fricative /s/, the linguodental /d/ and the velar /g/. Of the total of altered speech, 39% is of musculoskeletal origin, perceiving distortions to produce the phonemes /r/ vibrant and the consonant group /dr/, related to short sublingual frenulum with anteriorized fixation and; distortion to produce the phoneme /s/ due to large tongue with flaccid aspect and dental malocclusion. The 71% is of phonetic phonological origin and the most frequently substituted phonemes were the linguodental /l/, /d/ and the alveolar /r/, in children between 5 and 7 years of age. Conclusions: 26% of the sample presented altered speech, 71% of which was phoneticphonological in origin, evidenced by substitutions, omissions or distortions during speech.
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Palabras clave
Trastornos del habla en niños, Frenillo lingual, Maloclusión, Fonología
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