Informe jurídico sobre la Resolución N° 002-2024-MINAM/TSCA y su aclaratoria, la Resolución N° 013-2024-MINAM/TSCA
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente informe analiza el caso de la empresa LIAN S.A.C., que, tras ejecutar
su Plan de Abandono en el marco del cierre de operaciones hidrocarburíferas,
enfrenta la imposibilidad de liberar la Garantía de Seriedad de Cumplimiento
debido a la inexistencia de un procedimiento normativo claro y a un conflicto de
competencias entre el OEFA y el MINEM. Esta situación revela una deficiencia
normativa e institucional que debilita el cumplimiento del objetivo ambiental de la
garantía, diseñada para asegurar la restauración, mitigación y recuperación
ambiental al cierre de actividades extractivas.
El informe se sustenta en instrumentos como el Decreto Supremo N.° 039-2014-
EM (RPAAH), el TUO de la Ley del Procedimiento Administrativo General, la Ley
General del Ambiente, así como doctrina especializada y pronunciamientos del
Tribunal de Solución de Controversias Ambientales (TSCA).
Entre las principales conclusiones, se identifica que la falta de un procedimiento
normado afecta el principio de legalidad, la seguridad jurídica y la eficacia del
instrumento ambiental. Además, la descoordinación entre el OEFA y el MINEM
compromete la institucionalidad ambiental y evidencia una falta de voluntad
estatal para resolver un problema estructural. Se propone como solución la
emisión de una norma integral que regule la verificación del cumplimiento del
Plan de Abandono para la liberación de la garantía, bajo liderazgo del MINEM y
en coordinación con el OEFA, desde un enfoque sistémico del ordenamiento
ambiental.
This report analyzes the case of LIAN S.A.C., which, after implementing its Abandonment Plan as part of the closure of hydrocarbon operations, faces the impossibility of releasing the Performance Bond due to the lack of a clear regulatory procedure and a conflict of jurisdiction between the OEFA (National Institute of Agricultural Development) and the MINEM (Ministry of Energy and Mines). This situation reveals a regulatory and institutional deficiency that weakens compliance with the environmental objective of the bond, designed to ensure environmental restoration, mitigation, and recovery upon closure of extractive activities. The report is based on instruments such as Supreme Decree No. 039-2014-EM (RPAAH), the TUO (Tuo) of the General Administrative Procedure Law, the General Environmental Law, as well as specialized doctrine and rulings of the Environmental Dispute Settlement Tribunal (TSCA). Among the main conclusions, it is identified that the lack of a regulated procedure undermines the principle of legality, legal certainty, and the effectiveness of the environmental instrument. Furthermore, the lack of coordination between the OEFA and the MINEM compromises environmental institutions and demonstrates a lack of state will to resolve a structural problem. The proposed solution is the issuance of a comprehensive regulation governing the verification of compliance with the Abandonment Plan for the release of the guarantee, under the leadership of the MINEM and in coordination with the OEFA, based on a systemic approach to environmental management.
This report analyzes the case of LIAN S.A.C., which, after implementing its Abandonment Plan as part of the closure of hydrocarbon operations, faces the impossibility of releasing the Performance Bond due to the lack of a clear regulatory procedure and a conflict of jurisdiction between the OEFA (National Institute of Agricultural Development) and the MINEM (Ministry of Energy and Mines). This situation reveals a regulatory and institutional deficiency that weakens compliance with the environmental objective of the bond, designed to ensure environmental restoration, mitigation, and recovery upon closure of extractive activities. The report is based on instruments such as Supreme Decree No. 039-2014-EM (RPAAH), the TUO (Tuo) of the General Administrative Procedure Law, the General Environmental Law, as well as specialized doctrine and rulings of the Environmental Dispute Settlement Tribunal (TSCA). Among the main conclusions, it is identified that the lack of a regulated procedure undermines the principle of legality, legal certainty, and the effectiveness of the environmental instrument. Furthermore, the lack of coordination between the OEFA and the MINEM compromises environmental institutions and demonstrates a lack of state will to resolve a structural problem. The proposed solution is the issuance of a comprehensive regulation governing the verification of compliance with the Abandonment Plan for the release of the guarantee, under the leadership of the MINEM and in coordination with the OEFA, based on a systemic approach to environmental management.
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Derecho ambiental--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (Perú)--Procedimiento administrativo, Política ambiental--Perú, Desarrollo económico--Aspectos ambientales, Institucionalidad--Perú
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