Informe Jurídico sobre la Casación Laboral Nro. 20956-2017-Lima
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
A través del presente informe jurídico se realiza un análisis crítico sobre lo
resuelto en la Casación Laboral Nro. 20956-2017-Lima, la cual declaró la validez
de la extensión unilateral por parte del empleador a todos los trabajadores, pese
a que dichos beneficios emanaron de un convenio colectivo celebrado con un
sindicato minoritario.
En el caso particular, se analizará la naturaleza del otorgamiento de beneficios
por parte del empleador de manera unilateral y voluntaria, considerando que este
segmenta a los trabajadores afiliados al SUTEMB por su mera condición de
sindicalizado, lo cual, evidencia una vulneración a su libertad sindical positiva y
genera un desincentivo a la afiliación sindical y un incentivo para su desafiliación.
Aunado ello, se utilizará herramientas doctrinarias, normativas, convencionales
y jurisprudenciales con el fin de diferenciar un trato desigual basado en razones
objetivas y razonables y un trato diferenciado que vulnera el principio de
igualdad, como lo es el otorgamiento segmentado del “Bono de Integración” solo
al personal no afiliado.
A efectos de dicho análisis, se acreditará que, además de una vulneración al
principio de igual, configura un acto de discriminación sindical, toda vez que los
afiliados al SUTEMB se ven privados del goce de un beneficio económico por el
solo hecho de haber ejercido su libertad sindical positiva.
Finalmente, desarrollará un análisis crítico sobre el artículo 28 del Decreto
Supremo N° 014-2022-TR, toda vez que, si bien estableció la prohibición de la
extensión unilateral de beneficios colectivos celebrados con sindicatos
minoritarios, faculta a los empleadores y a los sindicatos minoritarios a pactar
sobre la eficacia de sus Convenios Colectivos, lo cual implica una clara
vulneración al “Sistema de Mayor Representación”.
Through this legal report, a critical analysis is made on what was resolved in the Labor Cassation No. 20956-2017-Lima, which declared the validity of the unilateral extension by the employer to all workers, despite the fact that such benefits emanated from a collective bargaining agreement entered into with a minority union. In this particular case, we will analyze the nature of the granting of benefits by the employer in a unilateral and voluntary manner, considering that it segments the workers affiliated to the SUTEMB by their mere condition of being unionized, which evidences a violation of their positive freedom of association and generates a disincentive to union affiliation and an incentive for their disaffiliation. In addition, we will proceed to use doctrinal, normative, conventional and jurisprudential tools in order to differentiate between an unequal treatment based on objective and reasonable reasons and a differentiated treatment that violates the principle of equality, such as the segmented granting of the “Integration Bonus” only to non-unionized personnel. For the purposes of such analysis, we will proceed to prove that, in addition to a violation of the principle of equality, it constitutes an act of union discrimination, since the members of the SUTEMB are deprived of the enjoyment of an economic benefit for the sole fact of having exercised their positive union freedom. Finally, we will develop a critical analysis of Article 28 of Supreme Decree No. 014-2022-TR, since, although it established the prohibition of the unilateral extension of collective benefits entered into with minority unions, it empowers employers and minority unions to agree on the effectiveness of their Collective Bargaining Agreements, which implies a clear violation of the “System of Major Representation”.
Through this legal report, a critical analysis is made on what was resolved in the Labor Cassation No. 20956-2017-Lima, which declared the validity of the unilateral extension by the employer to all workers, despite the fact that such benefits emanated from a collective bargaining agreement entered into with a minority union. In this particular case, we will analyze the nature of the granting of benefits by the employer in a unilateral and voluntary manner, considering that it segments the workers affiliated to the SUTEMB by their mere condition of being unionized, which evidences a violation of their positive freedom of association and generates a disincentive to union affiliation and an incentive for their disaffiliation. In addition, we will proceed to use doctrinal, normative, conventional and jurisprudential tools in order to differentiate between an unequal treatment based on objective and reasonable reasons and a differentiated treatment that violates the principle of equality, such as the segmented granting of the “Integration Bonus” only to non-unionized personnel. For the purposes of such analysis, we will proceed to prove that, in addition to a violation of the principle of equality, it constitutes an act of union discrimination, since the members of the SUTEMB are deprived of the enjoyment of an economic benefit for the sole fact of having exercised their positive union freedom. Finally, we will develop a critical analysis of Article 28 of Supreme Decree No. 014-2022-TR, since, although it established the prohibition of the unilateral extension of collective benefits entered into with minority unions, it empowers employers and minority unions to agree on the effectiveness of their Collective Bargaining Agreements, which implies a clear violation of the “System of Major Representation”.
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Derecho laboral--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Recurso de casación--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Recurso de casación--Perú--Lima, Contratos colectivos de trabajo--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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