Gestión de innovación y tecnología en el sector e-commerce en el Perú
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Date
2022-04-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El 2019 fue un año altamente retador para todos los negocios del Perú y del mundo debido a
la pandemia mundial del Covid-19, obligando a las empresas a transformarse o morir. Esta
nueva coyuntura impulso a las empresas a encontrar nuevas formas de generar ingresos,
destacándose el formato de Marketplace el cual permite al usuario final adquirir sus
productos desde la seguridad de sus hogares, únicamente con un equipo tecnológico y una
conexión de Internet. El propósito general de este estudio es diagnosticar la gestión de
innovación y de tecnología de las empresas del sector e-commerce en el Perú durante el
periodo 2019 – 2020, luego de ello se formularon las oportunidades de mejora y las
sugerencias para mejorar sus procesos. El estudio fue realizado a cinco empresas del rubro
Marketplace Pure Player¸ empleando como herramienta una encuesta basada en el Manual
de Oslo la cual cuenta con el respaldo del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y la
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). La evidencia
encontrada en el estudio determinó que todas las empresas de la muestra realizan actividades
de I+D. El 40% de estas empresas lo realizan con su propia área interna, mientras que el 60%
restante contrata este servicio a otras empresas. Asimismo, el 28% de las innovaciones
introducidas fueron aplicadas en servicios, 28% en actividades de apoyo, 22% en mejoras de
sistemas logísticos y 22% en nuevos métodos de producción. En 100% de las empresas de la
muestra utilizaron fuentes de financiamiento propio, las cuales se invirtieron principalmente
en actividades de desarrollo tecnológico, y ninguna de las empresas encuestadas empleó
fondos o financiamiento del gobierno. Por otro lado, el 100% de las empresas incluidas en
este estudio realizaron innovaciones organizativas, e innovaciones de comercialización como
mejoras en diseño de productos o en los servicios de entrega de pedidos. Finalmente, los
principales factores que dificultaron las innovaciones tecnológicas son la poca información
en el sector e-commerce y la incertidumbre de los mercados.
2019 was a highly challenging year for all businesses in Peru and the world due to the global Covid-19 pandemic, forcing companies to transform or die. This new situation encouraged companies to find new ways to generate incomes, remarking Marketplace format which allows end users to purchase their products from the safety of their homes, only with technological equipment and an Internet connection. The general purpose of this study is to diagnose innovation and technology management of companies at e-commerce sector in Peru during the 2019-2020 period, and then propose improvement opportunities and suggestions to upgrade their processes. This study was done on five companies in the Marketplace Pure Player category, using as a tool a survey based on the Oslo Manual, which has the support of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The evidence found in the study determined that all companies in the sample carry out R+D activities. 40% of these companies do it with their own internal areas, while the remaining 60% contract this service from other companies. 28% of the innovations introduced were applied in services, 28% in support activities, 22% in improvements to logistics systems and 22% in new production methods. 100% of the companies in the sample used their own financing sources, which were invested mainly in technological development activities, and none of the companies surveyed used government funds or financing. On the other hand, 100% of companies included in this study carried out organizational innovations, and marketing innovations such as improvements in product design or order delivery services. Finally, the main factors that hinder technological innovations were the little information in e-commerce sector and uncertainty of the markets.
2019 was a highly challenging year for all businesses in Peru and the world due to the global Covid-19 pandemic, forcing companies to transform or die. This new situation encouraged companies to find new ways to generate incomes, remarking Marketplace format which allows end users to purchase their products from the safety of their homes, only with technological equipment and an Internet connection. The general purpose of this study is to diagnose innovation and technology management of companies at e-commerce sector in Peru during the 2019-2020 period, and then propose improvement opportunities and suggestions to upgrade their processes. This study was done on five companies in the Marketplace Pure Player category, using as a tool a survey based on the Oslo Manual, which has the support of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The evidence found in the study determined that all companies in the sample carry out R+D activities. 40% of these companies do it with their own internal areas, while the remaining 60% contract this service from other companies. 28% of the innovations introduced were applied in services, 28% in support activities, 22% in improvements to logistics systems and 22% in new production methods. 100% of the companies in the sample used their own financing sources, which were invested mainly in technological development activities, and none of the companies surveyed used government funds or financing. On the other hand, 100% of companies included in this study carried out organizational innovations, and marketing innovations such as improvements in product design or order delivery services. Finally, the main factors that hinder technological innovations were the little information in e-commerce sector and uncertainty of the markets.
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Keywords
COVID-19 (Enfermedad), Comercio electrónico--Perú, Empresas--Innovaciones tecnológicas
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