Informe jurídico sobre la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional del Expediente N° 06316-2008-PA/TC. La Consulta Previa: qué, cómo y cuándo
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La implementación del proceso de consulta previa a las poblaciones indígenas,
en los términos del Convenio 169 de la OIT y en relación con los contratos de
licencia de hidrocarburos, ha sido, es y será un tema que ha polarizado los foros
académicos y generado conflictos ambientales además de gran incertidumbre
por la cantidad de títulos -autorizaciones o concesiones- otorgadas en el período
comprendido entre el 01 de febrero de 1995 -fecha en la que se incorporó al
ordenamiento jurídico peruano el Convenio 169 de la OIT- y el año 2011, con la
dación de la Ley N° 29785 – Ley de Consulta Previa.
Sin embargo, consideramos que el tema no se cierra con la vigencia de esta Ley
y su Reglamento y que hay aún mucho camino por recorrer para seguir
ampliando el conocimiento de lo que realmente es lo que queremos proteger.
Revisaremos las disposiciones del Convenio 169 de la OIT y la jurisprudencia
anterior a la Ley de Consulta Previa, así como la doctrina y las experiencias de
otros países suscritos al convenio.
Siendo la Sentencia del Tribunal materia del presente trabajo de investigación
una del año 2009, haremos una revisión a la luz de los avances en el proceso de
creación de la Reserva Indígena Napo Tigre, relacionada con el caso.
En este trabajo de investigación pretendemos darle una visión que integre la
defensa de la consulta a poblaciones indígenas y la validez de dichos contratos
con las exigencias propias de la defensa de los derechos colectivos de estos
pueblos y de los derechos económicos del Estado Peruano.
The implementation of the process of prior consultation with indigenous populations, under the terms of ILO Convention 169 and in relation to hydrocarbon license contracts, has been, is and will be an issue that has polarized academic forums and generated great uncertainty due to the number of titles, authorizations or concessions granted in the period between February 1, 1995 - the date on which it was incorporated into the Peruvian legal system ILO Convention 169 - and the year 2011, with the enactment of Law No. 29785 - Law of Prior Consultation. For many, there is a lack of knowledge of the scope of prior consultation as an inalienable right of native populations. However, we believe that the issue is not closed with the entry into force of this Law and its Regulations and that there is still a long way to go to continue expanding the knowledge of what we really want to protect. We will review the provisions of ILO Convention 169 and the jurisprudence prior to the Law on Prior Consultation, as well as the doctrine and experiences of other countries that have signed the agreement. Since the Judgment of the Court is the subject of this research work one from 2009, we will review in light of the progress in the process of creation of the Napo Tigre Indigenous Reserve, related to the case. In this research work we intend to give a vision that integrates the defense of consultation with indigenous populations and the validity of such contracts with the demands of the defense of the collective rights of these peoples and the economic rights of the Peruvian State.
The implementation of the process of prior consultation with indigenous populations, under the terms of ILO Convention 169 and in relation to hydrocarbon license contracts, has been, is and will be an issue that has polarized academic forums and generated great uncertainty due to the number of titles, authorizations or concessions granted in the period between February 1, 1995 - the date on which it was incorporated into the Peruvian legal system ILO Convention 169 - and the year 2011, with the enactment of Law No. 29785 - Law of Prior Consultation. For many, there is a lack of knowledge of the scope of prior consultation as an inalienable right of native populations. However, we believe that the issue is not closed with the entry into force of this Law and its Regulations and that there is still a long way to go to continue expanding the knowledge of what we really want to protect. We will review the provisions of ILO Convention 169 and the jurisprudence prior to the Law on Prior Consultation, as well as the doctrine and experiences of other countries that have signed the agreement. Since the Judgment of the Court is the subject of this research work one from 2009, we will review in light of the progress in the process of creation of the Napo Tigre Indigenous Reserve, related to the case. In this research work we intend to give a vision that integrates the defense of consultation with indigenous populations and the validity of such contracts with the demands of the defense of the collective rights of these peoples and the economic rights of the Peruvian State.
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Keywords
Convenios (Derecho)--Perú, Comunidades indígenas--Derechos--Perú, Comunidades nativas--Derechos--Perú, Perú. Tribunal Constitucional--Jurisprudencia