Efectividad del Programa MR-4 en el entrenamiento de la memoria auditiva inmediata para niños del cuarto grado de primaria de una institución educativa particular del distrito de San Miguel
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Date
2014-11-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Este trabajo es importante ya que el programa permite no solo identificar sino también resolver las dificultades de memoria auditiva inmediata de los niños ingresantes, considerando la metodología propuesta por la escuela y el avance progresivo que los estudiantes van mostrando a lo largo de las sesiones. Todo esto con el fin de facilitar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
La presente investigación es de enfoque cuantitativo y de tipo cuasi experimental, su objetivo es demostrar la efectividad del programa MR-4 en la aplicación, enseñanza y desarrollo de estrategias para la mejora de la memoria auditiva inmediata en sus tres componentes: memoria asociativa, memoria lógica y memoria numérica, en niños del cuarto grado de primaria.
Para el recojo de información se utilizó el Test de Memoria Auditiva Inmediata (MAI) de Cordero Pando, adaptado por Dioses, Manrique & Segura para Lima Metropolitana en el año 2002.
Se aplicó el test antes de iniciar el programa y luego de concluir el mismo, tanto al grupo experimental como al grupo control con el fin de medir el nivel de rendimiento de la memoria auditiva inmediata en cada uno de sus componentes. La muestra de estudio quedó conformada por 13 niños en cada grupo.
Se implementó el programa MR-4 a los estudiantes que conformaron el grupo experimental y luego de 4 meses se volvió a aplicar el post test a los dos grupos, para así poder analizar los resultados.
Con los resultados de cada participante en las evaluaciones del pre y post test se elaboró una base de datos en MS Excel para posteriormente exportarla al programa Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) versión 17, cuidando el ordenamiento y codificación de datos y de las tablas y gráficos obtenidos para la posterior interpretación de resultados. Se trabajaron estadísticos descriptivos y de normalidad para cada variable, y se realizó una prueba t para muestras independientes a fin de comparar los grupos con relación a la memoria auditiva y sus componentes, tanto antes como después de la intervención. Finalmente, se calculó el tamaño del efecto mediante un módulo específico (Dominguez, en prensa) y la potencia estadística mediante el programa G*Power3.1.7 (Faul, Erdfelder, Lang & Buchner, 2007).
Como resultado se sostiene que el programa MR-4 es efectivo en el mejoramiento de la memoria auditiva inmediata (en sus tres componentes: memoria lógica, memoria numérica y memoria asociativa) en niños del 4° grado de una institución educativa privada del distrito de San Miguel.
It is an important job because MR-4 program lets identify and solve immediate auditory memory ‘difficulties in new students, taking into consideration the school methodology and the students ‘upgrading shown during the lessons. Everything done with the purpose to helps students ‘learning. This is a quantitative and quasi-experimental investigation. The main objective is to demonstrate the MR-4 program´s efficacy in the implementation, teaching and development of strategies with the intention to improve fourth grade students´ immediate auditory memory and its three components: logical memory, numeric memory, and associative memory. To collect information, the investigators used the immediate auditory memory test from Cordero Pando, adapted by Dioses, Manrique & Segura for Lima Downtown in 2002. The test was applied at the beginning and at the end of the program to the control and the experimental groups with the intention to evaluate the immediate auditory memory and each one of its components in fourth grade students. Each group had formed by thirteen students each one. The experimental group took the MR-4 program. The investigators gave the MAI test to the students from the control and experimental groups four months later, with the objective to analyze the results and look for reasons that explain them. Taking each result from the pretest and posttest into consideration, the researchers did a data base in MS Excel program in order to export it to the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) program, 17th version. There were worked descriptive statistics and the normality of each variable, and it was done a T test for independent samples. This statistical process was done with the intention to compare the improvement of each group in immediate auditory memory and its components before and after applying the program. Afterwards, the researchers estimated the size of the effect through a specific module (Domínguez, in press) and the power through G*Power 3.1.7 program (Faul, Erdfelder, Lang & Buchner, 2007). As a final result, it was confirmed that MR-4 program is efficient on improving immediate auditory memory and its three parts (logical memory, numeric memory, and associative memory) in fourth grade students from a private school located in San Miguel district.
It is an important job because MR-4 program lets identify and solve immediate auditory memory ‘difficulties in new students, taking into consideration the school methodology and the students ‘upgrading shown during the lessons. Everything done with the purpose to helps students ‘learning. This is a quantitative and quasi-experimental investigation. The main objective is to demonstrate the MR-4 program´s efficacy in the implementation, teaching and development of strategies with the intention to improve fourth grade students´ immediate auditory memory and its three components: logical memory, numeric memory, and associative memory. To collect information, the investigators used the immediate auditory memory test from Cordero Pando, adapted by Dioses, Manrique & Segura for Lima Downtown in 2002. The test was applied at the beginning and at the end of the program to the control and the experimental groups with the intention to evaluate the immediate auditory memory and each one of its components in fourth grade students. Each group had formed by thirteen students each one. The experimental group took the MR-4 program. The investigators gave the MAI test to the students from the control and experimental groups four months later, with the objective to analyze the results and look for reasons that explain them. Taking each result from the pretest and posttest into consideration, the researchers did a data base in MS Excel program in order to export it to the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) program, 17th version. There were worked descriptive statistics and the normality of each variable, and it was done a T test for independent samples. This statistical process was done with the intention to compare the improvement of each group in immediate auditory memory and its components before and after applying the program. Afterwards, the researchers estimated the size of the effect through a specific module (Domínguez, in press) and the power through G*Power 3.1.7 program (Faul, Erdfelder, Lang & Buchner, 2007). As a final result, it was confirmed that MR-4 program is efficient on improving immediate auditory memory and its three parts (logical memory, numeric memory, and associative memory) in fourth grade students from a private school located in San Miguel district.
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Percepción auditiva, Percepción en niños, Educación primaria--Investigaciones.
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