Informe jurídico sobre Casación N° 1749-2018 Cañete
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe aborda la Casación N°1749-2018 Cañete, vinculada al
desvío sistemático de más de cuatro millones de soles de los Fondos Finver de
la Municipalidad Provincial de Cañete, mediante el giro irregular de cheques sin
sustento documentario por parte de funcionarios designados por el entonces
alcalde, Javier Jesús Alvarado Gonzales. Frente a ello, se plantean resolver dos
problemas relevantes respecto a la fundamentación de responsabilidad penal.
En primer lugar, se examina si era necesaria una construcción omisiva para
imputar responsabilidad penal a Javier Alvarado por el delito de peculado. A
partir de los artículos 13° y 387° del Código Penal, así como de doctrina
relevante, se concluye que no era necesario recurrir a la omisión impropia, dado
que existían actos comisivos suficientes que infringían su deber en calidad de
presidente del Comité Directivo Finver.
Como segundo problema jurídico, se analiza cómo debe determinarse la autoría
y participación en delitos de infracción de deber como el peculado. Cob base en
la teoría de la infracción del deber de Claus Roxin, se sostiene que sí era posible
imputar coautoría a Javier Alvarado, en tanto compartía un mismo deber con los
funcionarios que giraron los cheques. Asimismo, se concluye que Aristóteles
Toulier -quien carecía de vínculo con la entidad- únicamente podría ser
considerado responsable a título de partícipe. Finalmente, se resalta la
importancia de una fundamentación dogmática clara en casos complejos de
criminalidad en el seno de la Administración Pública.
The present report analyzes Supreme Court Case No. 1749-2018 Cañete, related to the systematic misappropriation of over four million soles from the Finver Fund of the Provincial Municipality of Cañete, through the irregular drawing of checks by officials appointed by then-mayor Javier Jesús Alvarado Gonzales. Two substantive legal issues are examined regarding the justification of his criminal liability. First, the report addresses whether it was necessary to construct an omissionbased liability framework to charge the accused with the crime of embezzlement. Based on Articles 13 and 387 of the Peruvian Criminal Code and relevant legal doctrine, it is concluded that resorting to the notion of improper omission was unnecessary, given that the accused committed multiple affirmative acts that constituted a breach of his official duties. Second, the report evaluates how perpetration and complicity should be determined in crimes involving the breach of official duties, such as embezzlement. Based on Claus Roxin’s theory of breach of duty, it is argued that Javier Alvarado shared a single, common duty with the officials who issued the checks, which allows for imputing co-perpetration. Furthermore, it is concluded that Aristóteles Toulier—who had no formal ties to the public entity—could only be held liable as an accessory. Finally, the report emphasizes the importance of clear and coherent legal reasoning in complex cases of public sector corruption.
The present report analyzes Supreme Court Case No. 1749-2018 Cañete, related to the systematic misappropriation of over four million soles from the Finver Fund of the Provincial Municipality of Cañete, through the irregular drawing of checks by officials appointed by then-mayor Javier Jesús Alvarado Gonzales. Two substantive legal issues are examined regarding the justification of his criminal liability. First, the report addresses whether it was necessary to construct an omissionbased liability framework to charge the accused with the crime of embezzlement. Based on Articles 13 and 387 of the Peruvian Criminal Code and relevant legal doctrine, it is concluded that resorting to the notion of improper omission was unnecessary, given that the accused committed multiple affirmative acts that constituted a breach of his official duties. Second, the report evaluates how perpetration and complicity should be determined in crimes involving the breach of official duties, such as embezzlement. Based on Claus Roxin’s theory of breach of duty, it is argued that Javier Alvarado shared a single, common duty with the officials who issued the checks, which allows for imputing co-perpetration. Furthermore, it is concluded that Aristóteles Toulier—who had no formal ties to the public entity—could only be held liable as an accessory. Finally, the report emphasizes the importance of clear and coherent legal reasoning in complex cases of public sector corruption.
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Peculado--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Delitos de los funcionarios--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Delitos por omisión--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Autoría penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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