Informe jurídico sobre la Resolución N° 078-2016/CLC-INDECOPI
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente informe jurídico analiza la Resolución N° 078-2026/CLC-INDECOPI,
conocida como el “Caso Cadenas de Farmacias”, la cual constituye un hito en el
derecho a la libre competencia peruano. Este caso cuenta con una relevancia
importante debido a que este trata de prácticas colusorias horizontales en un
mercado sensible como el mercado de medicamentos.
La Comisión de Defensa de la Libre Competencia del INDECOPI determinó
sancionar a cinco (‘5) cadenas de farmacias imponiéndoles no solo una multa
cercana a los nueve millones de soles, sino que también por primera vez se
ordenó como medida correctiva la implementación de un programa de
compliance en libre competencia.
En cuanto al problema principal, el autor luego del análisis de las pruebas
coincide con lo determinado por INDECOPI en cuanto a que las cadenas de
farmacias incurrieron en prácticas colusorias horizontales, utilizando un
esquema denominado hub and spoke.
En cuanto a la medida correctiva impuesta, el autor del presente trabajo respalda
lo impuesto por INDECOPI, precisando que la medida es válida jurídicamente,
así como proporcional. No obstante, el autor realiza una crítica centrada en el
diseño ineficiente del programa de cumplimiento impuesto, sosteniendo que se
careció de parámetros claros omitiendo elementos mínimos esenciales según
estándares internacionales como OCDE y FNE Chile, ausencia de mecanismos
de supervisión y riesgo de formalismo. Es así como el informe concluye que, si
bien la sanción fue correcta, el diseño de la medida correctiva fue deficiente lo
que pone en riesgo su efectividad.
This legal report analyzes Resolution No. 078-2026/CLC-INDECOPI, known as the “Pharmacy Chains Case,” which constitutes a milestone in Peruvian free competition law. This case is particularly significant because it deals with horizontal collusive practices in a sensitive market such as the pharmaceutical market. The INDECOPI Free Competition Defense Commission decided to sanction five (5) pharmacy chains, imposing not only a fine of nearly nine million soles, but also, for the first time, ordering the implementation of a free competition compliance program as a corrective measure. Regarding the main issue, after analyzing the evidence, the author agrees with INDECOPI's determination that the pharmacy chains engaged in horizontal collusive practices, using a scheme known as hub and spoke. As for the corrective measure imposed, the author of this paper supports INDECOPI's decision, specifying that the measure is legally valid and proportionate. However, the author focuses his criticism on the inefficient design of the compliance program imposed, arguing that it lacked clear parameters, omitting essential minimum elements according to international standards such as those of the OECD and FNE Chile, and that it lacked oversight mechanisms and ran the risk of formalism. The report thus concludes that, although the sanction was correct, the design of the corrective measure was deficient, which jeopardizes its effectiveness.
This legal report analyzes Resolution No. 078-2026/CLC-INDECOPI, known as the “Pharmacy Chains Case,” which constitutes a milestone in Peruvian free competition law. This case is particularly significant because it deals with horizontal collusive practices in a sensitive market such as the pharmaceutical market. The INDECOPI Free Competition Defense Commission decided to sanction five (5) pharmacy chains, imposing not only a fine of nearly nine million soles, but also, for the first time, ordering the implementation of a free competition compliance program as a corrective measure. Regarding the main issue, after analyzing the evidence, the author agrees with INDECOPI's determination that the pharmacy chains engaged in horizontal collusive practices, using a scheme known as hub and spoke. As for the corrective measure imposed, the author of this paper supports INDECOPI's decision, specifying that the measure is legally valid and proportionate. However, the author focuses his criticism on the inefficient design of the compliance program imposed, arguing that it lacked clear parameters, omitting essential minimum elements according to international standards such as those of the OECD and FNE Chile, and that it lacked oversight mechanisms and ran the risk of formalism. The report thus concludes that, although the sanction was correct, the design of the corrective measure was deficient, which jeopardizes its effectiveness.
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Protección del consumidor--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Libre competencia--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Delitos de los funcionarios--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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