"La misma igual cantidad y calidad de derechos”: discursos sobre el matrimonio igualitario en un grupo de jóvenes gay* limeños/es
Date
2024-01-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En 2013, un congresista gay presentó un proyecto de unión civil que concitó la
atención social, generando un debate que visibilizó a las personas LGBTIQ+. Ante su
rechazo, el activismo optó por el matrimonio igualitario como opción igualitaria. Esta
investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar las formas en que se construyen
y resignifican los discursos sobre el matrimonio igualitario en un grupo de limeños/es
jóvenes gay. El marco teórico combina elementos de los estudios de género,
masculinidades, teoría queer y ciudadanía sexual, además de herramientas del
análisis crítico del discurso para identificar sus repertorios interpretativos. Partiendo
de un paradigma interpretativista, se realiza un estudio cualitativo de caso, donde se
desarrollaron 10 entrevistas a profundidad con jóvenes limeños/es entre 23 y 34 años
que se identifican —o identificaron— como gay. Se encuentran tres discursos sobre
el matrimonio igualitario, que coexisten no sin fricciones, y que son construidos
respecto a su socialización en círculos LGBTIQ+ y las formas en que politizan su
sexualidad. Primero, un discurso hegemónico igualitarista que valora el mismo
reconocimiento legal y simbólico del matrimonio igualitario, oponiéndose a otras
categorías jurídicas (unión civil o figuras patrimoniales). Segundo, un discurso crítico
que lo considera una demanda secundaria frente a las necesidades de supervivencia
de las minorías sexuales. Tercero, un discurso minoritario que, por un lado, apuesta
por la diversidad, permitiendo la coexistencia de distintas alternativas legales para las
familias diversas; y por otro, por la libertad, considerando la peligrosidad del poder
gubernamental sobre las sexoafectividades.
In 2013, a gay congressman presented a civil union project that attracted social attention, generating a debate that brought visibility to LGBTIQ+ individuals. Faced with its rejection, activism opted for marriage equality as an equal option. This research aims to identify and analyze the ways in which discourses on marriage equality are constructed and redefined within a group of young gay men from Lima. The theoretical framework combines elements from gender studies, masculinities, queer theory, and sexual citizenship, along with tools from critical discourse analysis to identify their interpretive repertoires. Grounded in an interpretivist paradigm, a qualitative case study was conducted, involving 10 in-depth interviews with young men from Lima between 23 and 34 years old who identify —or identified— as gay. Three discourses on marriage equality were identified, coexisting with some friction and constructed in relation to their socialization within LGBTIQ+ circles and the ways in which they politicize their sexuality. First, a hegemonic egalitarian discourse that values the same legal and symbolic recognition of marriage equality, opposing other legal categories (civil union or property-based arrangements). Second, a critical discourse that considers marriage equality as a secondary demand compared to the survival needs of sexual minorities. Third, a minority discourse that, on one hand, embraces diversity, allowing the coexistence of different legal alternatives for diverse families; and on the other hand, advocates for freedom, considering the potential danger of governmental power over sexual affections.
In 2013, a gay congressman presented a civil union project that attracted social attention, generating a debate that brought visibility to LGBTIQ+ individuals. Faced with its rejection, activism opted for marriage equality as an equal option. This research aims to identify and analyze the ways in which discourses on marriage equality are constructed and redefined within a group of young gay men from Lima. The theoretical framework combines elements from gender studies, masculinities, queer theory, and sexual citizenship, along with tools from critical discourse analysis to identify their interpretive repertoires. Grounded in an interpretivist paradigm, a qualitative case study was conducted, involving 10 in-depth interviews with young men from Lima between 23 and 34 years old who identify —or identified— as gay. Three discourses on marriage equality were identified, coexisting with some friction and constructed in relation to their socialization within LGBTIQ+ circles and the ways in which they politicize their sexuality. First, a hegemonic egalitarian discourse that values the same legal and symbolic recognition of marriage equality, opposing other legal categories (civil union or property-based arrangements). Second, a critical discourse that considers marriage equality as a secondary demand compared to the survival needs of sexual minorities. Third, a minority discourse that, on one hand, embraces diversity, allowing the coexistence of different legal alternatives for diverse families; and on the other hand, advocates for freedom, considering the potential danger of governmental power over sexual affections.
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Keywords
Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo--Perú--Lima, Juventud--Conducta sexual--Perú--Lima, Homosexuales--Perú--Lima, Sexo--Aspectos sociales--Perú--Lima
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