Impacto del uso de las facturas negociables en el desarrollo productivo de las empresas en Perú: 2015-2023
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2025-02-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El financiamiento es esencial en la creación, expansión y sostenibilidad de las empresas; sin
embargo, muchas empresas enfrentan dificultades significativas para acceder al
financiamiento formal. En 2023, solo el 28.7% de las empresas registradas en la SUNAT
accedió al sistema financiero. En este contexto, han surgido fuentes de financiamiento
alternativas que están transformando el paisaje financiero peruano, como las facturas
negociables. Esta investigación analiza el impacto de las facturas negociables en el desarrollo
productivo de las empresas peruanas durante 2015-2023, utilizando un enfoque
cuasiexperimental basado en el método de diferencias en diferencias (DiD). Las variables
clave analizadas fueron supervivencia, acceso al crédito, ventas y empleo, empleando datos
de fuentes oficiales como SUNAT, SBS y CAVALI. Los resultados muestran que las empresas
que utilizaron facturas negociables mejoraron significativamente su probabilidad de
supervivencia. Aunque el uso de facturas negociables favoreció el acceso al crédito a corto
plazo, este efecto se diluyó con el tiempo. En cuanto a las ventas y el empleo, se observó un
impacto mixto: a corto plazo, hubo efectos negativos, pero las empresas que usaron facturas
negociables de manera continua experimentaron mejoras positivas, especialmente entre las
micro y pequeñas empresas. En conclusión, el uso de facturas negociables tiene un relativo
impacto positivo en el desarrollo productivo de las empresas peruanas, aunque persisten
desafíos en la evaluación de su impacto integral.
Business financing is essential for the creation, expansion, and sustainability of companies. However, many businesses face significant challenges in accessing formal financing. In 2023, only 28.7% of companies registered with SUNAT had access to the formal financial system. In this context, alternative sources, such as negotiable invoices, have emerged and are transforming the Peruvian financial landscape. This research analyzes the impact of negotiable invoices on the productive development of Peruvian companies during 2015-2023, using a quasi-experimental approach based on the difference-in-differences (DiD) method. The key variables analyzed were survival, access to credit, sales, and employment, utilizing data from official sources such as SUNAT, SBS, and CAVALI. The results show that companies using negotiable invoices significantly improved their survival probability. Although the use of negotiable invoices favored short-term access to credit, this effect diminished over time. Regarding sales and employment, mixed impacts were observed: in the short term, there were negative effects, but companies that continuously used negotiable invoices experienced positive improvements, particularly among micro and small enterprises. In conclusion, the use of negotiable invoices has a relatively positive impact on the productive development of Peruvian companies, although challenges remain in assessing their overall impact.
Business financing is essential for the creation, expansion, and sustainability of companies. However, many businesses face significant challenges in accessing formal financing. In 2023, only 28.7% of companies registered with SUNAT had access to the formal financial system. In this context, alternative sources, such as negotiable invoices, have emerged and are transforming the Peruvian financial landscape. This research analyzes the impact of negotiable invoices on the productive development of Peruvian companies during 2015-2023, using a quasi-experimental approach based on the difference-in-differences (DiD) method. The key variables analyzed were survival, access to credit, sales, and employment, utilizing data from official sources such as SUNAT, SBS, and CAVALI. The results show that companies using negotiable invoices significantly improved their survival probability. Although the use of negotiable invoices favored short-term access to credit, this effect diminished over time. Regarding sales and employment, mixed impacts were observed: in the short term, there were negative effects, but companies that continuously used negotiable invoices experienced positive improvements, particularly among micro and small enterprises. In conclusion, the use of negotiable invoices has a relatively positive impact on the productive development of Peruvian companies, although challenges remain in assessing their overall impact.
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Facturas--Perú, Documentos negociables--Perú, Empresas--Finanzas--Perú, Productividad industrial--Perú
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