A propósito del Informe No. 000039-2024-SUNAT/7T0000, los servicios digitales listados en el Reglamento de la Ley del Impuesto a la Renta, ¿califican automáticamente como tales?
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La normativa tributaria establece una definición general de servicios digitales y
un listado enunciativo de estos servicios. Mientras la Administración Tributaria
sostiene que los servicios del listado no deben cumplir las características
generales para ser considerados digitales, el Tribunal Fiscal y la Corte Suprema
consideran que estos deben ajustarse a dichas características, dada la
naturaleza de los servicios digitales. El presente trabajo académico analiza el
Informe No. 000039-2024-SUNAT/7T0000, mediante el cual la Administración
Tributaria reafirma su postura de que los servicios del listado califican
automáticamente como digitales. Sin embargo, no nos encontramos de acuerdo
con dicha afirmación, en base a una lectura conjunta de la Ley del Impuesto a la
Renta, la jurisprudencia nacional y la doctrina especializada.
Así, el informe se estructura en tres secciones. En la primera sección, se
analizará la naturaleza de los servicios digitales, concluyendo que estos se
caracterizan por ser instantáneos, automáticos y dependientes de tecnologías
de la información. En la segunda, se revisará las normas tributarias
correspondientes, aplicando métodos de interpretación jurídica y evaluando las
posturas de los órganos competentes, concluyendo que los servicios del listado
deben cumplir con los requisitos generales. Finalmente, se analizará si la
interpretación de la Administración vulnera el principio de reserva de ley,
concluyendo que sí, al regular aspectos esenciales del tributo mediante una
norma reglamentaria.
The tax legislation establishes a general definition of digital services and an enunciative list of these services. While the Tax Administration argues that the listed services should not comply with the general characteristics to be considered digital, the Tax Court and the Supreme Court consider that they should comply with such characteristics, given the nature of digital services. This paper analyzes Report No. 000039-2024-SUNAT/7T0000, in which the Tax Administration reaffirms its position that the listed services automatically qualify as digital. However, we do not agree with such statement, based on a joint reading of the Income Tax Law, national jurisprudence and specialized doctrine. Thus, the report is structured in three sections. In the first section, the nature of digital services will be analyzed, concluding that they are characterized by being instantaneous, automatic and dependent on information technologies. In the second section, we will review the corresponding tax regulations, applying methods of legal interpretation and evaluating the positions of the competent bodies, concluding that the listed services must comply with the general requirements. Finally, we will analyze whether the Administration's interpretation violates the principle of reserve of law, concluding that it does, by regulating essential aspects of the tax system.
The tax legislation establishes a general definition of digital services and an enunciative list of these services. While the Tax Administration argues that the listed services should not comply with the general characteristics to be considered digital, the Tax Court and the Supreme Court consider that they should comply with such characteristics, given the nature of digital services. This paper analyzes Report No. 000039-2024-SUNAT/7T0000, in which the Tax Administration reaffirms its position that the listed services automatically qualify as digital. However, we do not agree with such statement, based on a joint reading of the Income Tax Law, national jurisprudence and specialized doctrine. Thus, the report is structured in three sections. In the first section, the nature of digital services will be analyzed, concluding that they are characterized by being instantaneous, automatic and dependent on information technologies. In the second section, we will review the corresponding tax regulations, applying methods of legal interpretation and evaluating the positions of the competent bodies, concluding that the listed services must comply with the general requirements. Finally, we will analyze whether the Administration's interpretation violates the principle of reserve of law, concluding that it does, by regulating essential aspects of the tax system.
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Derecho tributario--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Impuesto a la renta--Perú, Administración tributaria--Legislación--Perú