¿Pueden los vínculos espaciales y socioeconómicos predecir el nivel de participación de la ciudadanía en las urnas?: Un análisis espacial econométrico a nivel distrital para las elecciones municipales en el Perú
Date
2022-09-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación analiza la dinámica espacial de la participación electoral en los
comicios municipales peruanos entre el 2006 y 2018. Para ello, se realiza un análisis
exploratorio de datos espaciales con estadísticas globales y locales para encontrar evidencia
empírica de las dependencias espaciales en la participación electoral distrital. Asimismo, se
realiza estimaciones de corte transversal haciendo uso del modelo espacial de Durbin, en
donde se incorpora como variables explicativas a las características socioeconómicas,
demográficas y los rezagos espaciales de las variables independientes y dependiente. Los
resultados identifican los factores que influencian sobre la participación electoral y evidencia
la presencia de efectos spillovers espaciales significativos para los factores de decisión
electoral indicando que estos no solo afectan a sus propios distritos sino también a distritos
contiguos. En ese sentido, la identificación de estos factores permitirá a las autoridades
electorales construir estrategias que permitan la mejora en la participación electoral, toda vez
que este es una medida importante de la salud de una democracia libre.
This research analyzes the spatial dynamics of electoral participation in Peruvian municipal elections between 2006 and 2018. For this purpose, an exploratory analysis of spatial data with global and local statistics is carried out to find empirical evidence of spatial dependencies in district electoral participation. Likewise, cross-sectional estimations are made using Durbin's spatial model, where socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and the spatial lags of the independent and dependent variables are incorporated as explanatory variables. The results identify the factors that influence electoral participation and evidence the presence of significant spatial spillover effects for the electoral decision factors indicating that these not only affect their own districts but also contiguous districts. In this sense, the identification of these factors will allow electoral authorities to build strategies to improve electoral participation, since this is an important measure of the health of a liberal democracy.
This research analyzes the spatial dynamics of electoral participation in Peruvian municipal elections between 2006 and 2018. For this purpose, an exploratory analysis of spatial data with global and local statistics is carried out to find empirical evidence of spatial dependencies in district electoral participation. Likewise, cross-sectional estimations are made using Durbin's spatial model, where socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and the spatial lags of the independent and dependent variables are incorporated as explanatory variables. The results identify the factors that influence electoral participation and evidence the presence of significant spatial spillover effects for the electoral decision factors indicating that these not only affect their own districts but also contiguous districts. In this sense, the identification of these factors will allow electoral authorities to build strategies to improve electoral participation, since this is an important measure of the health of a liberal democracy.
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Keywords
Nivel de vida--Perú, Indicadores socioeconómicos, Elecciones Municipales--Perú, Participación ciudadana--Perú
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