Modelo prolab: ANKU, una propuesta sostenible para mejorar la calidad de vida de agricultores de yuca de la Región Loreto
Date
2024-01-11
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el presente estudio, se identificó al consumidor quien tiene la necesidad de reducir la
contaminación y acceder a productos biodegradables efectivos y asequibles; y al usuario
beneficiario, a los agricultores de la selva peruana, cuya necesidad es mejorar su producción y
desarrollo agrícola, acceder a tecnología y capacitación, y obtener una retribución económica
adecuada por su producción. El principal problema para el consumidor, es que a pesar de que se
han implementado políticas gubernamentales para reducir la contaminación, todavía hay desafíos
para la adopción de productos biodegradables en Perú. El principal problema que enfrentan los
agricultores de yuca en el Perú, como usuario beneficiario, se debe a la necesidad de retribución
económica adecuada para los productores de yuca a causa de la participación de intermediarios
que acceden a la mayor parte del beneficio económico. La contaminación por plástico no
degradable es un problema global que afecta tanto a Perú como al resto del mundo. La
producción de plásticos derivados del petróleo se ha elevado notablemente durante las últimas
décadas, hecho que ha llevado a una creciente acumulación de residuos plásticos en vertederos,
océanos y ecosistemas (Geyer, Jambeck & Law, 2017),
Este documento presenta un modelo de negocio destinado a la producción de envases
biodegradables tomando como materia prima la yuca para satisfacer la necesidad del consumidor
y del usuario beneficiario. El principal problema que enfrentan ambos grupos es la necesidad de
opciones asequibles y efectivas para reducir la contaminación y mejorar la producción y
desarrollo agrícola, respectivamente. El modelo de negocio se enfoca en ofrecer soluciones
sostenibles y ecológicas que aborden estas necesidades y creen alegrías como la mitigación del
impacto ambiental y el manejo de elementos seguros. La deseabilidad se estableció como
hipótesis, donde se presumió que al desarrollar un modelo de negocio que integre a los
agricultores de yuca en Loreto como participantes activos en la producción de envases
biodegradables, se mejorará la cadena de valor de sus cultivos. El criterio establecido es que el 70% o más de los encuestados estarían dispuestos a vender a ANKU. Los resultados obtenidos
exhiben que el 75% de los agricultores consultados aceptaría venderle a ANKU, cumpliendo así
con el criterio propuesto.
Como segunda hipótesis de deseabilidad se presumió que al ofrecer a los clientes envases
biodegradables de fabricación local y a precios competitivos en Loreto y principales mercados de
la vertiente de las amazonas se incrementará la demanda y aceptación de estos productos
sostenibles. El criterio para esta hipótesis es que el 70% o más de los encuestados comprarían a
ANKU. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el 80% de los clientes encuestados brinda
disposición para comprar productos biodegradables de ANKU, superando el criterio establecido.
Como hipótesis de factibilidad se presumió que la ratio de VTVC/CAC era superior a 3 Soles
por cada Sol invertido en marketing de retención de clientes. Después de 5,000 corridas en una
simulación de Montecarlo se demostró que el 97.30% de las veces se superaba este ratio, por lo
que la hipótesis de factibilidad fue comprobada. La viabilidad del negocio se evaluó a través de
la simulación de tres posibles escenarios, y se encontró que, en el escenario conservador, se
podría lograr un VAN proyectado de S/ 1,215,287 Soles y una TIR del 94.532%. Además, se
demostró que el modelo de negocio puede contribuir a los ODS 8 y 12 de la Agenda 2030 de las
Naciones Unidas al fomentar el trabajo decente y crecimiento económico, la producción y
consumo responsables, y la reducción de residuos. El VAN social es de S/6,311,111.62 Soles,
mientras que el VAN económico de ANKU es de S/ 1,215,287. Esto significa que el VAN social
es aproximadamente 5.19 veces mayor que el VAN económico. Finalmente, el modelo de
negocio contiene dos Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), que son el 8 y el 12 y presenta
un TSRI del 70.00%, lo que sugiere que el 70% de las acciones realizadas han sido relevantes
para impactar estas metas. En conclusión, el modelo de negocio de recipientes biodegradables a
partir de la yuca para favorecer a los agricultores de yuca de Loreto es sostenible y puede ofrecer soluciones asequibles y efectivas para reducir la contaminación y mejorar la producción agrícola
en la región.
In the present study, the consumer was identified, whose need is to reduce pollution and have access to effective and affordable biodegradable products; and the beneficiary user, the farmers of the Peruvian jungle, whose need is to improve their production and agricultural development, access technology and training, and obtain an adequate financial reward for their production. The main problem for the consumer is that despite the fact that government policies have been implemented to reduce pollution, there are still challenges for the adoption of biodegradable products in Peru. The main problem faced by cassava farmers in Peru, as a beneficiary user, is due to the need for adequate economic compensation for cassava producers due to the participation of intermediaries who access most of the economic benefit. Non- degradable plastic pollution is a global problem that affects both Peru and the rest of the world. The production of plastics derived from petroleum has risen remarkably during the last decades, a fact that has led to an increasing accumulation of plastic waste in landfills, oceans and ecosystems (Geyer, Jambeck & Law, 2017), This document presents a business model for the production of biodegradable containers and cutlery using cassava as raw material to satisfy the needs of the consumer and the beneficiary user. The main problem facing both groups is the need for affordable and effective options to reduce pollution and improve agricultural production and development, respectively. The business model focuses on offering sustainable and ecological solutions that address these needs and create joys such as environmental impact mitigation and safe element management. Desirability was established as a hypothesis, where it was assumed that by developing a business model that integrates cassava farmers in Loreto as active participants in the production of biodegradable containers, the value chain of their crops will be improved. The established criterion is that 70% or more of the respondents would be willing to sell to ANKU. The results obtained show that 75% of the farmers consulted would agree to sell to ANKU, thus complying with the proposed criteria. As a second desirability hypothesis, it was assumed that by offering customers locally manufactured biodegradable containers at competitive prices in Loreto and main markets on the Amazon slope, the demand and acceptance of these sustainable products will increase. The criteria for this hypothesis is that 70% or more of the respondents would buy from ANKU. The results obtained show that 80% of the customers surveyed are willing to buy ANKU biodegradable products, exceeding the established criteria. As a feasibility hypothesis, it was assumed that the VTVC/CAC ratio was greater than 3.4 Soles for each Sol invested in customer retention marketing. After 5,000 runs in a Monte Carlo simulation, it was shown that this ratio was exceeded 97.30% of the time, so the feasibility hypothesis was verified. The viability of the business was evaluated through the simulation of three possible scenarios, and it was found that, in the conservative scenario, a projected NPV of S/ 1,215,287 Soles and an IRR of 94.532% could be achieved. In addition, it was shown that the business model can contribute to SDGs 8 and 12 of the United Nations 2030 Agenda by promoting decent work and economic growth, responsible production and consumption, and waste reduction. The social VAN is S/6311,111.62 Soles, while ANKU's economic VAN is S/ 1,215,287. This means that the social GO is approximately 5.19 times greater than the economic GO. Finally, the business model contains two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are 8 and 12 and presents a TSRI of 70.00%, which suggests that 70% of the actions carried out have been relevant to impact these goals. In conclusion, the business model of biodegradable containers made from cassava to favor cassava farmers in Loreto is sustainable and can offer affordable and effective solutions to reduce pollution and improve agricultural production in the region.
In the present study, the consumer was identified, whose need is to reduce pollution and have access to effective and affordable biodegradable products; and the beneficiary user, the farmers of the Peruvian jungle, whose need is to improve their production and agricultural development, access technology and training, and obtain an adequate financial reward for their production. The main problem for the consumer is that despite the fact that government policies have been implemented to reduce pollution, there are still challenges for the adoption of biodegradable products in Peru. The main problem faced by cassava farmers in Peru, as a beneficiary user, is due to the need for adequate economic compensation for cassava producers due to the participation of intermediaries who access most of the economic benefit. Non- degradable plastic pollution is a global problem that affects both Peru and the rest of the world. The production of plastics derived from petroleum has risen remarkably during the last decades, a fact that has led to an increasing accumulation of plastic waste in landfills, oceans and ecosystems (Geyer, Jambeck & Law, 2017), This document presents a business model for the production of biodegradable containers and cutlery using cassava as raw material to satisfy the needs of the consumer and the beneficiary user. The main problem facing both groups is the need for affordable and effective options to reduce pollution and improve agricultural production and development, respectively. The business model focuses on offering sustainable and ecological solutions that address these needs and create joys such as environmental impact mitigation and safe element management. Desirability was established as a hypothesis, where it was assumed that by developing a business model that integrates cassava farmers in Loreto as active participants in the production of biodegradable containers, the value chain of their crops will be improved. The established criterion is that 70% or more of the respondents would be willing to sell to ANKU. The results obtained show that 75% of the farmers consulted would agree to sell to ANKU, thus complying with the proposed criteria. As a second desirability hypothesis, it was assumed that by offering customers locally manufactured biodegradable containers at competitive prices in Loreto and main markets on the Amazon slope, the demand and acceptance of these sustainable products will increase. The criteria for this hypothesis is that 70% or more of the respondents would buy from ANKU. The results obtained show that 80% of the customers surveyed are willing to buy ANKU biodegradable products, exceeding the established criteria. As a feasibility hypothesis, it was assumed that the VTVC/CAC ratio was greater than 3.4 Soles for each Sol invested in customer retention marketing. After 5,000 runs in a Monte Carlo simulation, it was shown that this ratio was exceeded 97.30% of the time, so the feasibility hypothesis was verified. The viability of the business was evaluated through the simulation of three possible scenarios, and it was found that, in the conservative scenario, a projected NPV of S/ 1,215,287 Soles and an IRR of 94.532% could be achieved. In addition, it was shown that the business model can contribute to SDGs 8 and 12 of the United Nations 2030 Agenda by promoting decent work and economic growth, responsible production and consumption, and waste reduction. The social VAN is S/6311,111.62 Soles, while ANKU's economic VAN is S/ 1,215,287. This means that the social GO is approximately 5.19 times greater than the economic GO. Finally, the business model contains two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are 8 and 12 and presents a TSRI of 70.00%, which suggests that 70% of the actions carried out have been relevant to impact these goals. In conclusion, the business model of biodegradable containers made from cassava to favor cassava farmers in Loreto is sustainable and can offer affordable and effective solutions to reduce pollution and improve agricultural production in the region.
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Keywords
Negocios--Planificación, Agricultores--Perú--Loreto, Calidad de vida, Envases--Aspectos ambientales, Yucas--Industria y comercio--Perú--Loreto
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