Informe jurídico sobre la Sentencia Habitantes de La Oroya vs. Perú : Análisis de la responsabilidad internacional del Estado peruano frente a la inadecuada regulación de las medidas de prevención de buen gobierno corporativo que deben implementar las empresas para evitar violaciones a los derechos humanos, en perjuicio de los 80 habitantes de La Oroya (arts. 4, 5, 19, 24 y 26 a la luz de los arts. 1.1 y 2 de la CADH)
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2025-02-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
Este informe analizará los aspectos de Compliance abordados en la Sentencia
Habitantes de La Oroya Vs. Perú, la cual es una de las pocas sentencias del
Sistema Interamericano en las que se tratan las medidas de prevención de buen
gobierno corporativo exigibles a las empresas para garantizar los derechos
humanos.
Con dicha finalidad, se determinará si Perú, en perjuicio de 80 pobladores de La
Oroya, violó su deber de regulación al adaptar de forma inadecuada sus
disposiciones internas al estándar interamericano exigible sobre las medidas de
prevención de buen gobierno corporativo que las empresas (como Doe Run Perú
S.R.L. y otras que operaron en el Centro Metalúrgico de La Oroya) deben
implementar para evitar violaciones a los derechos humanos (arts. 4, 5, 19, 24 y
26 a la luz de los arts. 1.1 y 2 de la CADH). Para lo cual, se elaborará un estándar,
conformado por disposiciones de la Convención Americana, interpretadas a la
luz de sentencias de la Corte Interamericana.
Se concluirá el informe exponiendo que Perú violó dicho deber, pues, desde
1981 a junio de 2021, no contaba con una regulación que exija a las empresas
implementar medidas de prevención de buen gobierno corporativo para
garantizar los derechos humanos. Y, desde dicha fecha a 2023, contó con una
regulación que no cumplía con los estándares interamericanos exigibles.
Finalmente, se expondrá que, si bien esta autora está de acuerdo con las
medidas de prevención de buen gobierno corporativo exigibles a las empresas,
establecidas por la Corte Interamericana; estas pueden ser complementadas con
otras medidas, derivadas de la interpretación de instrumentos de la Organización
Internacional de Normalización y otros, de forma que se establezca un estándar
más completo.
This report will analyze the aspects of compliance addressed in The inhabitants of La Oroya v. Peru judgment, which is one of the few judgments in the Inter- American system that addresses the preventive measures of good corporate governance required of companies in order to guarantee human rights. To this end, it will be determined whether Peru, to the detriment of 80 inhabitants of La Oroya, violated its duty to regulate by failing to regulate the good corporate governance prevention measures that companies (such as Doe Run Peru S.R.L. and others that operated in the Metallurgical Center of La Oroya) must implement to avoid human rights violations (arts. 4, 5, 19, 24 and 26 in light of arts. 1.1 and 2 of the ACHR). To this end, a standard will be proposed, made up of provisions of the American Convention, interpreted in light of judgments of the Inter- American Court. The report concludes by stating that Peru violated this duty, since, from 1981 to June 2021, it did not have a regulation requiring companies to implement good corporate governance prevention measures to guarantee human rights. And, from that date to 2023, it had a regulation that did not comply with the required inter-American standards. Finally, it will be stated that although this author agrees with the measures of prevention of good corporate governance required of companies, established by the Inter-American Court, these can be complemented with other measures, derived from the interpretation of instruments of the International Organization for Standardization and others, in order to establish a more complete standard.
This report will analyze the aspects of compliance addressed in The inhabitants of La Oroya v. Peru judgment, which is one of the few judgments in the Inter- American system that addresses the preventive measures of good corporate governance required of companies in order to guarantee human rights. To this end, it will be determined whether Peru, to the detriment of 80 inhabitants of La Oroya, violated its duty to regulate by failing to regulate the good corporate governance prevention measures that companies (such as Doe Run Peru S.R.L. and others that operated in the Metallurgical Center of La Oroya) must implement to avoid human rights violations (arts. 4, 5, 19, 24 and 26 in light of arts. 1.1 and 2 of the ACHR). To this end, a standard will be proposed, made up of provisions of the American Convention, interpreted in light of judgments of the Inter- American Court. The report concludes by stating that Peru violated this duty, since, from 1981 to June 2021, it did not have a regulation requiring companies to implement good corporate governance prevention measures to guarantee human rights. And, from that date to 2023, it had a regulation that did not comply with the required inter-American standards. Finally, it will be stated that although this author agrees with the measures of prevention of good corporate governance required of companies, established by the Inter-American Court, these can be complemented with other measures, derived from the interpretation of instruments of the International Organization for Standardization and others, in order to establish a more complete standard.
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Sociedades mineras--Perú--La Oroya (Junín : Distrito), Gobierno corporativo--Perú--La Oroya (Junín : Distrito), Derechos humanos--Perú--La Oroya (Junín : Distrito), Pueblos indígenas--Relaciones gubernamentales--Perú--La Oroya (Junín : Distrito)
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