Informe jurídico sobre resolución del Tribunal Fiscal N.° 016591-3-2010: Comentarios sobre la deducibilidad de los gastos asociados a responsabilidad social incurridos por las empresas
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente informe analiza la problemática sobre la deducibilidad tributaria de
los gastos asociados a responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) en el sector
hidrocarburos a propósito de la Resolución del Tribunal Fiscal N.° 016591-3-
2010. El problema principal consiste en determinar cómo reconocer si un gasto
de RSE resulta deducible conforme al principio de causalidad.
A partir de un análisis conceptual, normativo y jurisprudencial, se abordaron tres
cuestiones clave.
En primer lugar, se distingue que los gastos que califican como RSE no
constituyen liberalidades, puesto que: son necesarios para preservar la viabilidad
del negocio, asegurar la licencia social y prevenir conflictos que puedan
interrumpir las operaciones; no son absolutamente voluntarios; en tanto
responden a exigencias del entorno social, del mercado del sector y a estándares
internacionales, y se encuentran orientados a obtener un retorno económico
indirecto que se manifiesta a propósito de evitar la pérdida económica asociada
a conflictos.
En segundo lugar, se concluyó que de calificar bajo estos términos los mismos
cumplen con los criterios de necesidad, normalidad y razonabilidad entendidos
bajo un enfoque amplio, siendo importante para ello considerar el contexto social
y operativo propio del sector.
Finalmente, respecto a la fehaciencia, se observó que la acreditación de estos
gastos requiere documentación que, además de evidenciar su ejecución real,
demuestre su vinculación económica con la actividad empresarial, conforme a
estándares razonables y a la jurisprudencia tributaria vigente.
This report analyses the legal issue of the tax deductibility of corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenses in the hydrocarbons sector, with specific reference to Tax Court Resolution No. 016591-3-2010. The main issue is determining how to recognize whether a CSR expense qualifies as deductible under the principle of causality. Based on a conceptual, regulatory, and jurisprudential analysis, three key questions were addressed. First, it is established that CSR expenses do not constitute liberalities, as they are necessary to preserve business viability, secure a social license to operate, and prevent conflicts that could disrupt operations. These expenses are not entirely voluntary, as they respond to the demands of the social environment, the market in the sector, and international standards. They are aimed at achieving an indirect economic return, specifically by avoiding the economic losses associated with social conflicts. Second, it was concluded that, when these expenses meet the above characteristics, they comply with the criteria of necessity, normality, and reasonableness, which must be interpreted broadly, considering the specific social and operational context of the hydrocarbons sector. Finally, regarding evidentiary support, it was observed that substantiating these expenses requires documentation that, in addition to proving their actual execution, demonstrates their economic connection to the business activity, in accordance with reasonable standards and prevailing tax jurisprudence.
This report analyses the legal issue of the tax deductibility of corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenses in the hydrocarbons sector, with specific reference to Tax Court Resolution No. 016591-3-2010. The main issue is determining how to recognize whether a CSR expense qualifies as deductible under the principle of causality. Based on a conceptual, regulatory, and jurisprudential analysis, three key questions were addressed. First, it is established that CSR expenses do not constitute liberalities, as they are necessary to preserve business viability, secure a social license to operate, and prevent conflicts that could disrupt operations. These expenses are not entirely voluntary, as they respond to the demands of the social environment, the market in the sector, and international standards. They are aimed at achieving an indirect economic return, specifically by avoiding the economic losses associated with social conflicts. Second, it was concluded that, when these expenses meet the above characteristics, they comply with the criteria of necessity, normality, and reasonableness, which must be interpreted broadly, considering the specific social and operational context of the hydrocarbons sector. Finally, regarding evidentiary support, it was observed that substantiating these expenses requires documentation that, in addition to proving their actual execution, demonstrates their economic connection to the business activity, in accordance with reasonable standards and prevailing tax jurisprudence.
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Exención de impuestos--Perú, Responsabilidad social de las empresas--Aspectos legales--Perú, Causalidad (Derecho), Derecho tributario--Jurisprudencia--Perú