Prácticas de retroalimentación en secundaria en una escuela privada de Lima bajo la modalidad remota de emergencia
Date
2022-07-12
Journal Title
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las prácticas de
retroalimentación que desarrollan docentes de secundaria del área de Ciencia y
Tecnología una escuela privada de Lima bajo la modalidad remota de
emergencia. Para ello, examinamos las prácticas de retroalimentación tomando
en cuenta las concepciones de los docentes y las características que las definen,
incluyendo tipos, contenidos y estrategias. Asimismo, estudiamos el proceso de
evaluación del área de Ciencia y Tecnología y los aspectos que lo caracterizan.
El estudio se abordó bajo un enfoque cualitativo utilizando el método del
caso, dado que se busca describir y analizar la información recogida desde las
propias experiencias e interacciones de los participantes. Para la recolección de
información se emplearon técnicas como la entrevista semiestructurada y la
observación con sus respectivas guías, así como el análisis documental de las
retroalimentaciones escritas de las producciones de los alumnos. Estas técnicas
fueron procesadas a través de una matriz que permitió realizar un análisis
interpretativo.
Por último, el análisis y la discusión de resultados permitieron identificar
que la concepción de los informantes sobre la retroalimentación está alineada con
la teoría, así como identificar aquella información que es de carácter permanente
y que permite orientar tanto al docente como al alumno en los procesos de
enseñanza y aprendizaje. Sin embargo, al contrastar con sus prácticas, se
evidenció que no existe coherencia con la información brindada, puesto que dos
de los tres docentes llevan a cabo retroalimentaciones de tipo evaluativas, en las
cuales el propósito es confirmar respuestas y brindar halagos, acompañados de
una calificación. Asimismo, se encontró que las retroalimentaciones son
realizadas de manera diferida y la estrategia más empleada es la
retroalimentación oral.
The objective of this research is to analyze the feedback practices developed by high school teachers in the Science and Technology area of a private school in Lima under the remote emergency modality. To do this, we examined the feedback practices taking into account teachers' conceptions and its characteristics, including types, content and strategies. Likewise, we studied the evaluation process of the Science and Technology area and the aspects that characterize it. The study was conducted under a qualitative approach using the case method, as it aims to describe and analyze the information gathered from the experiences and interactions of the participants. For the information collection, techniques such as semi-structured interviews and observation with guides were used, as well as the documentary analysis of the written feedback to the students' productions. These techniques were processed through a matrix that allowed performing an interpretive analysis. Finally, the analysis and discussion of results allowed to identify that the informants' conceptions of feedback are in line with the theory, as well as to identify such information of permanent nature that allows guiding both the teacher and the student in the teaching and learning processes. However, when contrasting this with practice, it was evidenced that there is no consistency with the information provided, since two of the three teachers carry out evaluative feedback, in which the purpose is to confirm answers and offer compliments, accompanied by a grade. Likewise, it was found that feedback is given in a deferred manner and the most used strategy is oral feedback.
The objective of this research is to analyze the feedback practices developed by high school teachers in the Science and Technology area of a private school in Lima under the remote emergency modality. To do this, we examined the feedback practices taking into account teachers' conceptions and its characteristics, including types, content and strategies. Likewise, we studied the evaluation process of the Science and Technology area and the aspects that characterize it. The study was conducted under a qualitative approach using the case method, as it aims to describe and analyze the information gathered from the experiences and interactions of the participants. For the information collection, techniques such as semi-structured interviews and observation with guides were used, as well as the documentary analysis of the written feedback to the students' productions. These techniques were processed through a matrix that allowed performing an interpretive analysis. Finally, the analysis and discussion of results allowed to identify that the informants' conceptions of feedback are in line with the theory, as well as to identify such information of permanent nature that allows guiding both the teacher and the student in the teaching and learning processes. However, when contrasting this with practice, it was evidenced that there is no consistency with the information provided, since two of the three teachers carry out evaluative feedback, in which the purpose is to confirm answers and offer compliments, accompanied by a grade. Likewise, it was found that feedback is given in a deferred manner and the most used strategy is oral feedback.
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Keywords
Ciencia y tecnología--Estudio y enseñanza, Aprendizaje (Educación), Personal docente--Perú, Educación virtual, Educación secundaria--Perú--Lima
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