Factores que afectan las visitas domiciliarias del proceso de acompañamiento familiar del Programa Juntos en la provincia de Virú, departamento de La Libertad durante el año 2017
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2022-05-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El Programa Juntos tiene por finalidad contribuir a la reducción de la pobreza y
generar capital humano en los hogares en situación de pobreza y pobreza extrema
en un marco de corresponsabilidad entre el hogar y el Estado, mediante la entrega
de incentivos para el acceso y uso de servicios básicos. En este escenario, el
proceso de Acompañamiento Familiar se realiza mediante visitas domiciliarias para
promover el ejercicio de los derechos mencionados y apoyar a las familias en el
cumplimiento de sus responsabilidades contraídas.
La presente investigación busca conocer los factores positivos y negativos que
afectan las visitas domiciliarias, en lo que se refiere a su calidad, implementación en
concordancia a la cultura y necesidades de los ciudadanos, y a la valoración que le
dan las madres de familia en los distritos de Virú, Chao y Guadalipito, en la provincia
de Virú, región La Libertad.
Este estudio de caso es cualitativo y se realizó durante el año 2017, tomando como
insumo la información recogida en campo a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas
y grupos focales, además del análisis documental correspondiente.
El resultado de la investigación permite concluir que no se cumplen la mayoría de
criterios relativos a la calidad y el respeto a la interculturalidad, establecidos para el
acompañamiento familiar. Sin embargo, y a pesar de estos incumplimientos, casi la
totalidad de las usuarias valoran altamente las visitas que reciben, demuestran
conocimiento de la propuesta de cuidado y responsabilidad frente al futuro de su
familia y cumplen con los compromisos que contraen respecto a la educación y
salud de ellas y sus hijos.
Entre las recomendaciones se menciona cuidar los estándares de calidad en todo el
proceso para lograr mayor efectividad en las visitas domiciliarias y ceñirse a la
normatividad estableciendo parámetros con relación al tiempo de la visita,
materiales, distribución, meta y monitoreo. Respecto a la interculturalidad,
recomienda adecuar las visitas al contexto de la costa e incentivar la empatía y
acercamiento de los gestores locales con las madres usuarias y el contexto cultural
para contrarrestar las deficiencias encontradas.
This research falls into the social policy modality and Focus es on the National Program of Direct Support to the Poorest “Juntos”, which aims at reducing poverty and preventing children from living in the same degree of poverty of their parents. The main objective of this research is to describe which factors affect positively and which affect negatively the home visits of the Juntos Program’s family monitoring process in the province of Virú in 2017. The specific objectives are to determine if the home visits of the Juntos Program’s family monitoring process are of good quality, to analyze if the home visits are performed according the culture and needs of citizens, and to determine what family mothers think about such visits. The main conclusion is that, even though the home visits of the Juntos Program’s family monitoring process do not meet quality standards and do not apply all the interculturality criteria established, a great level of compliance with joint responsibilities has been achieved in the province of Virú; in addition, the Program’s users are now aware of how important it is for their children to have access to health and education. These accomplishments were possible thanks to a relevant factor beyond Family Monitoring: the economic incentive. Nevertheless, the Program’s final objective is the commitment of users to health and education for their children, but the impact is still minor. One of the recommendations is to comply with quality standards throughout the entire process in order to achieve greater effectiveness in home visits and to abide by regulations, establishing parameters for the duration, materials, distribution, goal and monitoring of visits. Regarding interculturality, it is recommended to adapt visits to the coastal region's background and to encourage empathy and closeness of local managers towards mothers and the cultural context to counteract the deficiencies identified.
This research falls into the social policy modality and Focus es on the National Program of Direct Support to the Poorest “Juntos”, which aims at reducing poverty and preventing children from living in the same degree of poverty of their parents. The main objective of this research is to describe which factors affect positively and which affect negatively the home visits of the Juntos Program’s family monitoring process in the province of Virú in 2017. The specific objectives are to determine if the home visits of the Juntos Program’s family monitoring process are of good quality, to analyze if the home visits are performed according the culture and needs of citizens, and to determine what family mothers think about such visits. The main conclusion is that, even though the home visits of the Juntos Program’s family monitoring process do not meet quality standards and do not apply all the interculturality criteria established, a great level of compliance with joint responsibilities has been achieved in the province of Virú; in addition, the Program’s users are now aware of how important it is for their children to have access to health and education. These accomplishments were possible thanks to a relevant factor beyond Family Monitoring: the economic incentive. Nevertheless, the Program’s final objective is the commitment of users to health and education for their children, but the impact is still minor. One of the recommendations is to comply with quality standards throughout the entire process in order to achieve greater effectiveness in home visits and to abide by regulations, establishing parameters for the duration, materials, distribution, goal and monitoring of visits. Regarding interculturality, it is recommended to adapt visits to the coastal region's background and to encourage empathy and closeness of local managers towards mothers and the cultural context to counteract the deficiencies identified.
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Keywords
Programa JUNTOS (Perú), Programas sociales--Perú--Virú (La Libertad : Provincia), Visitas, Interculturalidad
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