Fabrícame una pareja: el nuevo sujeto y el cambio en la estructuración del lazo social
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Date
2022-08-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta tesis pretende demostrar que el nuevo sujeto generado por la sociedad virtual se
está convirtiendo en un objeto cada vez menos capaz de establecer vínculos sociales o
de pareja, ya que está controlado por la tecnología, el mercado y los medios de
comunicación. Esta condición de objeto lo inserta en un mundo de simulacro que lo
induce a creer que los afectos también pueden fabricarse y comprarse, y que el otro es
totalmente reemplazable. El mandato al goce permanente, propio del capitalismo, ha ido
construyendo una sociedad cínica, hedonista y narcisista, donde el modo de inserción
social ya no se logra por identificación con el otro, sino prescindiendo de este.
Para argumentar estas afirmaciones se tomará como materia de estudio un fenómeno
social que se está produciendo en algunas partes del mundo, mediante el cual ciertas
personas establecen complejas relaciones, no solo sexuales sino afectivas y hasta
matrimoniales, con diferentes objetos tales como las Real Dolls, unas muñecas de
silicona de aspecto real; las Real Botix y su prototipo Harmony, un robot con
inteligencia artificial que cumple la función de pareja sexual y de compañía; y un
conocido simulador de citas virtuales, creado en Japón, llamado Love Plus mediante el
cual muchos jóvenes están estableciendo relaciones emocionales (a través de la
pantalla) con un dibujo anime. Mediante el análisis de los objetos previamente
mencionados y de las distintas categorías de pensadores tales como Baudrillard,
Jameson, Lacan, Han, Zizek, Badiou, entre otros, se irá evidenciando cómo se ha
producido progresivamente este cambio en la estructuración del lazo social y cómo el
hombre se ha ido alejando cada vez más del otro y de sí mismo como sujeto. Asimismo,
se irá demostrando que el ser humano puede llegar a confundir de tal modo la realidad
con lo virtual que es capaz de proyectar rasgos humanos en estas muñecas, robots y
animes, y de sentir afecto por ellos.
Veremos cómo, en la actualidad, la tecnología nos obliga a pensar en estas
hibridaciones innegables: lo humano que se une con la máquina, lo real que se une con
lo virtual. Finalmente, se demostrará que el desmesurado uso de la tecnología deviene
en un aislamiento y soledad progresivos, menguando las relaciones interpersonales y
asociando al amor como algo que tiene un precio en el mercado.
The purpose of this thesis is to prove that the new subject that the virtual society has given rise to is turning into an object that is increasingly unable to build social ties (with groups or individuals) due to its control by technology, the markets, and the media. This “object” status places this subject in a world of simulacrum (simulation), leading it to believe that feelings can also be manufactured and bought, and that the Other is fully replaceable. The decree for perpetual enjoyment (jouissance) that characterizes capitalism has bred a cynic, hedonist and narcissistic society where social integration is no longer achieved through identifying oneself with others, but by dispensing with them. To substantiate these statements, a social phenomenon that is taking place in some parts of the world will be explored as a subject of study. This phenomenon has allowed some individuals to build complex relationships, not only sexual but also emotional and even marital, with different objects such as the “Real Dolls”, silicone dolls with a realistic appearance; the “Real Botix” and its prototype “Harmony”, a robot with artificial intelligence that serves as a sexual partner and companion; and a known virtual dating simulator, created in Japan, known as “Love Plus”, through which many young people are building emotional on-screen relationships with an anime drawing. Through analyzing these objects and the different categories of thinkers, such as Baudrillard, Jameson, Lacan, Han, Zizek and Badiou among others, the evidence drawn will enable the understanding of this restructuring of social bonds and how human beings have gradually grown apart from themselves as subjects and from each other. This thesis will also show the extent to which some human beings may muddle the real with the virtual, to the point that they are capable of projecting human traits onto these dolls, robots and animes, and feel affection for them. We will see how, at present, technology compels us to ponder on these irrefutable hybridisations, i.e., human bonding with machines, real bonding with virtual. Finally, evidence will show that the disproportionate use of technology results in gradual isolation and loneliness, diminishing interpersonal relationships and relating love to a market price.
The purpose of this thesis is to prove that the new subject that the virtual society has given rise to is turning into an object that is increasingly unable to build social ties (with groups or individuals) due to its control by technology, the markets, and the media. This “object” status places this subject in a world of simulacrum (simulation), leading it to believe that feelings can also be manufactured and bought, and that the Other is fully replaceable. The decree for perpetual enjoyment (jouissance) that characterizes capitalism has bred a cynic, hedonist and narcissistic society where social integration is no longer achieved through identifying oneself with others, but by dispensing with them. To substantiate these statements, a social phenomenon that is taking place in some parts of the world will be explored as a subject of study. This phenomenon has allowed some individuals to build complex relationships, not only sexual but also emotional and even marital, with different objects such as the “Real Dolls”, silicone dolls with a realistic appearance; the “Real Botix” and its prototype “Harmony”, a robot with artificial intelligence that serves as a sexual partner and companion; and a known virtual dating simulator, created in Japan, known as “Love Plus”, through which many young people are building emotional on-screen relationships with an anime drawing. Through analyzing these objects and the different categories of thinkers, such as Baudrillard, Jameson, Lacan, Han, Zizek and Badiou among others, the evidence drawn will enable the understanding of this restructuring of social bonds and how human beings have gradually grown apart from themselves as subjects and from each other. This thesis will also show the extent to which some human beings may muddle the real with the virtual, to the point that they are capable of projecting human traits onto these dolls, robots and animes, and feel affection for them. We will see how, at present, technology compels us to ponder on these irrefutable hybridisations, i.e., human bonding with machines, real bonding with virtual. Finally, evidence will show that the disproportionate use of technology results in gradual isolation and loneliness, diminishing interpersonal relationships and relating love to a market price.
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Realidad virtual, Inteligencia artificial, Apego (Psicología), Consumismo, Tecnología
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