Análisis y caracterización colorimétrica de zumos de naranja por espectrofotometría de reflexión y transmisión
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2022-03-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El color es considerado uno de los aspectos más importantes en la evaluación de la calidad de los productos alimentarios y su evaluación es de crucial importancia en una de las bebidas más consumidas como es el jugo de naranja, donde es importante evaluar el color y su aceptabilidad ante procesos que involucran su conservación y procesamiento.
En este trabajo evaluamos el color del jugo de diferentes variedades de naranjas denominadas: Tangelo, Valencia y Huando, todas ellas se consumen en diferentes mercados de Lima-Perú. El color puede evaluarse por apariencia visual o análisis instrumental, en nuestro caso; hemos utilizado diferentes tipos de espectrómetros para medir el color. Se han obtenido varios parámetros como los espectros de transmitancia y reflectancia en el rango visible de la luz y las variables colorimétricas CIE L*a*b* y CIE L*c*h.
En resumen, los resultados muestran que el valor numérico del color del jugo de naranja está asociado a la selección del instrumento, es decir: la geometría óptica, tipo de iluminación y preparación de la muestra. Los hallazgos más consistentes en relación con la escala visual fueron obtenidos con el espectrofotómetro Konica Minolta modelo CM-5. Además, Se encontró que es posible diferenciar los jugos frescos de los jugos industrializados mediante la determinación de las correspondientes diferencias de color (ΔE) en la escala CIELAB alrededor del umbral de 3 unidades.
También, este estudio ha mostrado que los espectrómetros convencionales en configuración óptica 0/0 (0° de ángulo de iluminación / 0° de ángulo de observación) diseñado para obtener medidas del factor de transmitancia de una muestra líquida, son una alternativa viable para obtener valores colorimétricos para muestras líquidas transparentes, Sin embargo, se debe tener especial cuidado con muestras translúcidas, ya que debido a su naturaleza dispersiva, se pueden obtener colores con poca luminosidad y croma.
Color is considered one of the most important aspects in the evaluation of the quality of food products and its evaluation is of crucial importance in one of the most consumed beverages such as orange juice, where it is important to evaluate the color and its acceptability. before processes that involve its conservation and processing. In this work we evaluate the color of the juice of different varieties of oranges called: Tangelo, Valencia and Huando, all of them are consumed in different markets in Lima-Peru. Color can be evaluated by visual appearance or instrumental analysis, in our case; we have used different types of spectrometers to measure color. Several parameters have been obtained, such as transmittance and reflectance spectra in the visible range of light and the CIE L * a * b * and CIE L * c * h colorimetric variables. In summary, the results show that the numerical value of the orange juice color is associated with the selection of the instrument, that is, optical geometry, type of illumination and sample preparation. The most consistent findings in relation to the visual scale were obtained with the Konica Minolta model CM-5 spectrophotometer. It was found that it is possible to differentiate fresh juices from industrialized juices by determining the corresponding color differences (ΔE) on the CIELAB scale around the threshold of 3 units. Also, this study has shown that conventional spectrometers in 0/0 optical configuration (0 ° of illumination angle / 0 ° of observation angle) designed to obtain measurements of the transmittance factor of a liquid sample, are a viable alternative to obtain Colorimetric values for transparent liquid samples, however, special care must be taken with translucent samples, since due to their dispersive nature, colors with low luminosity and chroma can be obtained.
Color is considered one of the most important aspects in the evaluation of the quality of food products and its evaluation is of crucial importance in one of the most consumed beverages such as orange juice, where it is important to evaluate the color and its acceptability. before processes that involve its conservation and processing. In this work we evaluate the color of the juice of different varieties of oranges called: Tangelo, Valencia and Huando, all of them are consumed in different markets in Lima-Peru. Color can be evaluated by visual appearance or instrumental analysis, in our case; we have used different types of spectrometers to measure color. Several parameters have been obtained, such as transmittance and reflectance spectra in the visible range of light and the CIE L * a * b * and CIE L * c * h colorimetric variables. In summary, the results show that the numerical value of the orange juice color is associated with the selection of the instrument, that is, optical geometry, type of illumination and sample preparation. The most consistent findings in relation to the visual scale were obtained with the Konica Minolta model CM-5 spectrophotometer. It was found that it is possible to differentiate fresh juices from industrialized juices by determining the corresponding color differences (ΔE) on the CIELAB scale around the threshold of 3 units. Also, this study has shown that conventional spectrometers in 0/0 optical configuration (0 ° of illumination angle / 0 ° of observation angle) designed to obtain measurements of the transmittance factor of a liquid sample, are a viable alternative to obtain Colorimetric values for transparent liquid samples, however, special care must be taken with translucent samples, since due to their dispersive nature, colors with low luminosity and chroma can be obtained.
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Colorantes naturales, Espectrofotometría, Naranjas--Control de calidad
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