Mecanismos para la mitigación del cambio climático en los países andinos: un enfoque amazónico
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2025-02-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
La Convención Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Climático da inicio a la formación de
una institucionalidad global en la materia, que ha ido desarrollándose en las últimas décadas a
través de tratados complementarios como el Protocolo de Kioto, el Acuerdo de París, así como,
de sucesivas decisiones aprobadas en las Conferencias de las Partes.
La revisión de las instituciones, acuerdos y declaraciones aprobados en el ámbito de la
Convención y de los tratados complementarios, permite determinar las reglas vigentes en la
materia y valorar la urgencia de avanzar en la mitigación global de la emisión de los gases de
efecto invernadero señalados por la comunidad científica como la causa del acelerado cambio
climático.
En ese sentido, este texto examina las posibilidades de una actuación conjunta en materia de
mitigación en la región andina, atendiendo a la importancia que corresponde a la acción climática
de los países andinos, en particular de aquellos que comparten el bosque amazónico,
considerado como uno de los sumideros naturales de gases de efecto invernaderos más
importantes del planeta.
Adicionalmente, este texto plantea la aplicación de mecanismos de mitigación de mercado en una
acción conjunta entre Colombia y Perú (a la que se puede sumar el Ecuador), considerando como
punto de partida la aplicación del mecanismo del impuesto al carbono, en la perspectiva de
construir una política conjunta de mitigación del cambio climático que se extienda a la aplicación
de otras medidas de mercado, considerando también la posibilidad de ampliar la acción climática
a una concertación futura con el Brasil, en un enfoque que comprenda como factor estratégico,
la geografía compartida de la cuenca amazónica.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change begins the constitution of a global institutionality in this matter, that has been developing in the last decades, through complementary treaties as the Kioto Protocol, Paris Agreement and the successive decisions, approved in the Conference of the Parties of those treaties. The review of the institutions, agreements and statements approved in the scope of the Convention and the complementary treaties, allows to determine the current rules in the matter and to appreciate the urgency to advance in the global mitigation in the emission of greenhouse gases, pointed out for the scientific community, as the cause of the accelerated climate change. In that sense, this text reviews the posibilities, of a join action in mitigation matters in the andean region, in order of the importance that corresponds a climate action in the andean countries, specifically in those that share the amazon forest, one of the most importants natural greenhouse gases sinks of the world. Additionally this text proposes the aplication of the market mitigation mechanisms, in a joint action between Colombia and Peru (suggesting to add Ecuador), considering as the first step the aplication of the carbon tax, in the outlook to build a joint policy that could extend to other market mitigation mechanisms, considering too, the possibility of a future agreement with Brasil, focusing to include as a strategic factor, the shared geography of the amazon basin.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change begins the constitution of a global institutionality in this matter, that has been developing in the last decades, through complementary treaties as the Kioto Protocol, Paris Agreement and the successive decisions, approved in the Conference of the Parties of those treaties. The review of the institutions, agreements and statements approved in the scope of the Convention and the complementary treaties, allows to determine the current rules in the matter and to appreciate the urgency to advance in the global mitigation in the emission of greenhouse gases, pointed out for the scientific community, as the cause of the accelerated climate change. In that sense, this text reviews the posibilities, of a join action in mitigation matters in the andean region, in order of the importance that corresponds a climate action in the andean countries, specifically in those that share the amazon forest, one of the most importants natural greenhouse gases sinks of the world. Additionally this text proposes the aplication of the market mitigation mechanisms, in a joint action between Colombia and Peru (suggesting to add Ecuador), considering as the first step the aplication of the carbon tax, in the outlook to build a joint policy that could extend to other market mitigation mechanisms, considering too, the possibility of a future agreement with Brasil, focusing to include as a strategic factor, the shared geography of the amazon basin.
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Cambio climático--Legislación--Andes, Región, Derecho internacional económico--Legislación--Perú, Política ambiental--Amazonía, Región
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