La fuerza de la “jurisprudencia constitucional” en el Tribunal Constitucional peruano: vinculante y persuasiva
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En la presente investigación se estudia la fuerza vinculante y persuasiva de la jurisprudencia
constitucional del Tribunal Constitucional (en adelante el TC). Para tal propósito, se revisa y
se examina aproximadamente 80 sentencias del TC que aluden a la fuerza vinculante de la
jurisprudencia, 15 sentencias del Poder Judicial que han resuelto contrario a la jurisprudencia
constitucional, sentencias que establecen doctrina jurisprudencial y por último el artículo VII
del Código Procesal Constitucional (en adelante, norma constitucional). En ese orden de ideas,
la investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo y el método utilizado es dogmático-jurídico, el
cual permite analizar, identificar, interpretar y establecer fuerza vinculante y persuasiva de la
jurisprudencia constitucional del TC. Sin embargo, para robustecer el presente trabajo se utiliza
la investigación desarrollada por López Medina (2006) sobre el análisis de las sentencias y
líneas jurisprudenciales.
Finalmente, la investigación arriba a los siguientes resultados: i) la jurisprudencia
constitucional no tiene una regulación expresa que permita identificar su fuerza vinculante y
persuasiva; ii) en la práctica jurisdiccional la jurisprudencia puede ser vinculante y persuasiva.
Es vinculante cuando tengan alguna de los siguientes distintivos: a) una sentencia que
establezca nuevos criterios o razonamiento, sentencia denominada “leading case”; b) una
sentencia que establece en forma expresa “doctrina jurisprudencial”; y c) dos o más sentencias
que contienen un criterio reiterado y uniforme. iii) también se identifican algunas líneas
jurisprudenciales, como son las sentencias importantes conocidas como las “leading case”, las
sentencias obligatorias por reiteración y sentencias no importantes.
This research studies the binding and persuasive force of the constitutional jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court (hereinafter the Constitutional Court). For this purpose, approximately 80 rulings of the Constitutional Court that allude to the binding force of the jurisprudence, 15 rulings of the Judicial Power that have resolved contrary to the constitutional jurisprudence, rulings that establish jurisprudential doctrine and the last paragraph of article VII of the Constitutional Procedural Code are reviewed and examined. In this order of ideas, the research has a qualitative approach and the method used is dogmatic-legal, which allows analyzing, identifying, interpreting and establishing binding and persuasive force of the constitutional jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. However, to strengthen the present work, the research developed by López Medina (2006) on the analysis of the sentences and jurisprudential lines is used. Finally, the research leads to the following results: i) constitutional jurisprudence does not have an express regulation that allows identifying its binding and persuasive force; ii) in jurisdictional practice it can be binding and persuasive. It is binding when its rulings have the following distinction: a) a ruling that establishes new criteria or reasoning, a ruling known as “leading case”; b) a ruling that expressly establishes “jurisprudential doctrine”; and c) two or more rulings that contain a reiterated and uniform criterion; iii) some jurisprudential lines are identified, such as important rulings known as “leading case”, rulings that are mandatory by reiteration and non-important rulings.
This research studies the binding and persuasive force of the constitutional jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court (hereinafter the Constitutional Court). For this purpose, approximately 80 rulings of the Constitutional Court that allude to the binding force of the jurisprudence, 15 rulings of the Judicial Power that have resolved contrary to the constitutional jurisprudence, rulings that establish jurisprudential doctrine and the last paragraph of article VII of the Constitutional Procedural Code are reviewed and examined. In this order of ideas, the research has a qualitative approach and the method used is dogmatic-legal, which allows analyzing, identifying, interpreting and establishing binding and persuasive force of the constitutional jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. However, to strengthen the present work, the research developed by López Medina (2006) on the analysis of the sentences and jurisprudential lines is used. Finally, the research leads to the following results: i) constitutional jurisprudence does not have an express regulation that allows identifying its binding and persuasive force; ii) in jurisdictional practice it can be binding and persuasive. It is binding when its rulings have the following distinction: a) a ruling that establishes new criteria or reasoning, a ruling known as “leading case”; b) a ruling that expressly establishes “jurisprudential doctrine”; and c) two or more rulings that contain a reiterated and uniform criterion; iii) some jurisprudential lines are identified, such as important rulings known as “leading case”, rulings that are mandatory by reiteration and non-important rulings.
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Perú. Tribunal Constitucional--Jurisprudencia, Jurisprudencia--Perú, Precedentes judiciales--Perú, Procesos (Derecho)--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
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