"El profesor no es adivino para que pueda saber lo que sucede en clase": Percepciones docentes sobre sus competencias para la promoción de la convivencia escolar en el aula
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar las percepciones de los
docentes sobre sus competencias para construir normas de convivencia y resolver conflictos
en el aula. Para ello, se realizó la recolección de información a partir de una metodología
cualitativa, que consistió en 6 reuniones grupales en las que participaron 12 docentes de
educación secundaria. En dichas reuniones los docentes discutieron y reflexionaron, a partir
de técnicas grupales, sobre su rol en la promoción de la convivencia escolar.
Los resultados se organizaron en cuatro temas principales: normas de convivencia,
características de los conflictos, resolución de conflictos, y el cambio de percepciones y la
cultura punitiva como desafío persistente. Se identificó que muchos de los participantes
atribuyen la responsabilidad de la resolución de conflictos en el aula a los padres de familia,
auxiliares, subdirectores o psicólogos, evitando así abordarlos.
Al finalizar el taller, los participantes manifestaron el cambio de sus percepciones
respecto a los vínculos que establecen con los estudiantes y su agencia para resolver los
conflictos que se dan en su aula. Un tema recurrente a lo largo del taller fue el uso del castigo
y la percepción de ser la mejor estrategia que usan los docentes para resolver conflictos o el
incumplimiento de las normas.
Se discute la necesidad de tener espacios de reflexión con los docentes respecto al tema
antes de introducirlos al fortalecimiento de estrategias de resolución de conflictos, además de
un acompañamiento más extenso que favorezca el fortalecimiento de sus competencias.
The purpose of this research was to explore teachers' perceptions of their skills in establishing standards of coexistence and resolving conflicts in the classroom. To achieve this, data were collected using a qualitative methodology, consisting of six group meetings with the participation of twelve secondary school teachers. During these meetings, teachers engaged in discussions and reflections, utilizing group techniques to examine their role in promoting positive school coexistence. The findings were categorized into four main themes: standards of coexistence, characteristics of conflicts, conflict resolution, and changes in perception, with punitive culture remaining a persistent challenge. It was observed that many participants attributed the responsibility for resolving classroom conflicts to parents, teaching assistants, assistant principals, or psychologists, thereby avoiding direct involvement in conflict resolution themselves. By the end of the workshop, participants reported a shift in their perceptions regarding the relationships they establish with students and their role in addressing conflicts within their classrooms. A recurring theme throughout the sessions was the use of punishment, as many teachers perceived it to be the most effective strategy for managing conflicts or enforcing rules. The study highlights the importance of providing teachers with spaces for reflection on these issues before introducing conflict resolution strategies. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for more sustained support to strengthen their skills.
The purpose of this research was to explore teachers' perceptions of their skills in establishing standards of coexistence and resolving conflicts in the classroom. To achieve this, data were collected using a qualitative methodology, consisting of six group meetings with the participation of twelve secondary school teachers. During these meetings, teachers engaged in discussions and reflections, utilizing group techniques to examine their role in promoting positive school coexistence. The findings were categorized into four main themes: standards of coexistence, characteristics of conflicts, conflict resolution, and changes in perception, with punitive culture remaining a persistent challenge. It was observed that many participants attributed the responsibility for resolving classroom conflicts to parents, teaching assistants, assistant principals, or psychologists, thereby avoiding direct involvement in conflict resolution themselves. By the end of the workshop, participants reported a shift in their perceptions regarding the relationships they establish with students and their role in addressing conflicts within their classrooms. A recurring theme throughout the sessions was the use of punishment, as many teachers perceived it to be the most effective strategy for managing conflicts or enforcing rules. The study highlights the importance of providing teachers with spaces for reflection on these issues before introducing conflict resolution strategies. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for more sustained support to strengthen their skills.
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Personal docente--Actitudes, Solución de conflictos, Ambiente educativo, Disciplina escolar
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