El rechazo implícito de la costumbre internacional por parte de los órganos resolutivos administrativos (ORA) peruanos en materia tributario-aduanera: un análisis de caso sobre la instalación de cables submarinos en el dominio marítimo
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo los órganos resolutivos
administrativos (ORA) peruanos, competentes en materia tributario-aduanera se
pronunciaron en el caso EMERGIA, relativo al tratamiento otorgado a la
instalación de cables submarinos dentro del dominio marítimo peruano. A partir
de este estudio de caso, se evidencia la omisión existente en el ordenamiento
jurídico peruano respecto de la costumbre internacional aplicable a la libertad de
instalación de cables submarinos, norma consuetudinaria reflejada en el artículo
79 de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar.
Para esta finalidad, se reconstruye la argumentación del Tribunal Fiscal, última
instancia administrativa competente, y se contrasta con las normas
internacionales consuetudinarias pertinentes sobre la instalación de cables
submarinos. El análisis evidencia un vacío normativo en el ordenamiento jurídico
peruano relativo a la instalación de cables submarinos, vacío que ha conducido
a calificar esta actividad solamente como una importación de mercancías,
desconociendo la naturaleza especial que reviste a esta actividad en el Derecho
Internacional.
Como resultado, se identifica una contradicción en el accionar del Estado
peruano: los ORA aplican el derecho interno, bajo un enfoque hermético que
prescinde de normas internacionales de naturaleza distinta a los tratados, lo que
revela una problemática en la estructura del ordenamiento jurídico peruano para
incorporar normas internacionales consuetudinarias. Incluso después de la
sentencia emitida en el marco de la Controversia sobre delimitación marítima
(Perú c. Chile), esta omisión ha perpetuado el criterio empleado por los ORA en
el Caso EMERGIA.
The aim of this paper is to examine how the Peruvian administrative adjudicatory bodies (órganos resolutivos administrativos, ORA), competent in customs and tax matters, ruled in the EMERGIA case concerning the treatment accorded to the installation of submarine cables within the Peruvian “dominio marítimo”. Based on this case study, the analysis reveals the omission within the Peruvian legal system regarding the relevant rules of customary international law governing the freedom to install submarine cables— a customary rule reflected in Article 79 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. To this end, the reasoning of the Tribunal Fiscal— the highest administrative authority in this area— is reconstructed and contrasted with the pertinent customary international norms on the laying of submarine cables. The examination demonstrates the existence of a regulatory gap in Peruvian law regarding such installations, a gap that has led to the classification of this activity merely as an importation of goods, thereby disregarding the special nature that this activity holds under International Law. As a result, a contradiction in the functioning of the Peruvian State is identified: the ORA apply domestic law through a hermetic approach that excludes international norms other than treaties, revealing a structural weakness in the Peruvian legal order in incorporating customary international law. Even after the judgment delivered in the Maritime Delimitation case (Peru v. Chile), this omission has continued to shape the administrative approach adopted in the EMERGIA case.
The aim of this paper is to examine how the Peruvian administrative adjudicatory bodies (órganos resolutivos administrativos, ORA), competent in customs and tax matters, ruled in the EMERGIA case concerning the treatment accorded to the installation of submarine cables within the Peruvian “dominio marítimo”. Based on this case study, the analysis reveals the omission within the Peruvian legal system regarding the relevant rules of customary international law governing the freedom to install submarine cables— a customary rule reflected in Article 79 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. To this end, the reasoning of the Tribunal Fiscal— the highest administrative authority in this area— is reconstructed and contrasted with the pertinent customary international norms on the laying of submarine cables. The examination demonstrates the existence of a regulatory gap in Peruvian law regarding such installations, a gap that has led to the classification of this activity merely as an importation of goods, thereby disregarding the special nature that this activity holds under International Law. As a result, a contradiction in the functioning of the Peruvian State is identified: the ORA apply domestic law through a hermetic approach that excludes international norms other than treaties, revealing a structural weakness in the Peruvian legal order in incorporating customary international law. Even after the judgment delivered in the Maritime Delimitation case (Peru v. Chile), this omission has continued to shape the administrative approach adopted in the EMERGIA case.
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Cables submarinos--Aspectos legales, Derecho del mar, Dominio marítimo (Derecho internacional)--Perú, Derecho administrativo--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
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