Implementación del teletrabajo: Actitudes y percepciones de líderes de empresas de Lima Metropolitana durante la etapa inicial de la pandemia COVID-19
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Date
2021-06-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis aborda un estudio efectuado para responder la pregunta de
investigación acerca de las percepciones y actitudes de líderes en Lima Metropolitana sobre
de la implementación del teletrabajo durante la etapa inicial de la pandemia COVID-19,
analizando, primeramente, los pilares críticos con respecto a la madurez tecnológica,
creencias de los líderes sobre la supervisión de equipos, conocimiento del rol del Estado
frente a esta modalidad de trabajo, beneficios y barreras percibidos de la implementación
del teletrabajo y los avances en su implementación. Con ello, se logrará tener una visión
global de la experiencia sobre la aplicación del teletrabajo, partiendo, en primera instancia,
de una contextualización acerca de cómo surge el teletrabajo en Perú y el impacto de la
pandemia en acelerar su implementación. Luego, revisar la legislación y reglamento que
permite su aplicación, además de identificar los avances registrados, cambios importantes
en la fuerza laboral, así como los beneficios y barreras que se vienen presentando
precisamente en Lima Metropolitana.
El presente estudio, por medio de un desarrollo con alcance descriptivo, pretende
proveer de resultados y hallazgos acerca de las barreras y beneficios en la aplicación del
teletrabajo en aquellas empresas que han decidido implementarlo y/o aquellas que se
encuentran evaluando su aplicación, desde la perspectiva directiva. Para ello, se aplicará
una encuesta exploratoria a ejecutivos con personal a cargo, considerando aspectos
relacionados a los beneficios, creencias, desempeño de los colaboradores, aspectos
técnicos, entre otros que posibiliten entender e identificar aspectos críticos para la
modernización de un estilo de liderazgo que contribuye no solamente a la conciliación de la
vida-trabajo, sino también a potenciar las relaciones internas, decantando en un incremento de la productividad de los colaboradores y, con mayor razón, en el marco de una coyuntura
totalmente inesperada y de impacto global debido a la pandemia por la COVID-19.
El teletrabajo ya no se presenta solamente como una gran oportunidad para el
fortalecimiento de la imagen corporativa de las organizaciones, una percepción favorable
hacia el interés real por las condiciones laborales de los trabajadores y sus necesidades
relacionadas a equilibrio vida-trabajo, flexibilización horaria, disminución en los tiempos
de desplazamiento, entre otras; es hoy, también, una importante medida implementada por
muchas organizaciones durante el aislamiento social obligatorio para preservar la salud de
sus colaboradores, en la medida que sus funciones así lo permitan. No obstante, a los retos
de esta modalidad respecto al liderazgo de los equipos, cuyo enfoque supera los indicadores
de supervisión presencial, se les añade factores relacionados a cubrir brechas tecnológicas y
de conectividad, de ergonomía en el hogar, así como la conciliación de la vida familiar y
laboral en un contexto donde la carga de trabajo se ha incrementado en comparación con
épocas anteriores a la COVID-19.
Lately, telework is becoming more common due to its benefits, but this scheme has also a few considerations to bear in mind. The proposed thesis about telework and the implementation perspectives from managers in Lima Metropolitana will allow us to have a complete vision of this work modality, considering also, the impact of the first phase of COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. First, we will introduce the context and explain how telework arises in Peru and registers an increase after mandatory social isolation declared by the Peruvian government, its legislation and regulation, and, also, the benefits and barriers that resulted from the preliminary implementation specifically in Lima Metropolitana. The present study, which has a descriptive scope, aims to provide results and findings of the barriers and challenges of telework in companies that have implemented it or are evaluating its application, from the directive perspective. As an attempt to discover and understand opportunities and challenges, we will conduct an exploratory survey targeting executives and team leaders considering topics related to benefits, opportunities, employees performance, technical requirements, among others that will allow us to understand and identify critical aspects to improve and update a leadership style of managers that contributes not only to the reconciliation of work-life, but also to strengthen internal relations and increase in the productivity ratios. Currently, telework is no longer presented only as a great opportunity to strengthen the corporate image of organizations since it boosts a favorable perception of companies and how it cares about the working conditions, its employees and their needs related to work-life balance, time flexibility, decrease in time of transportation, among others; but also, as an important measure implemented by many organizations during mandatory social isolation to preserve the health of their employees. However, challenges arise for managers in relation to team’s leadership under telework compared to face-to-face supervision, technological and connectivity gaps, ergonomics as well as the work balance in a context where the workload has increased compared to pre COVID-19 pandemic.
Lately, telework is becoming more common due to its benefits, but this scheme has also a few considerations to bear in mind. The proposed thesis about telework and the implementation perspectives from managers in Lima Metropolitana will allow us to have a complete vision of this work modality, considering also, the impact of the first phase of COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. First, we will introduce the context and explain how telework arises in Peru and registers an increase after mandatory social isolation declared by the Peruvian government, its legislation and regulation, and, also, the benefits and barriers that resulted from the preliminary implementation specifically in Lima Metropolitana. The present study, which has a descriptive scope, aims to provide results and findings of the barriers and challenges of telework in companies that have implemented it or are evaluating its application, from the directive perspective. As an attempt to discover and understand opportunities and challenges, we will conduct an exploratory survey targeting executives and team leaders considering topics related to benefits, opportunities, employees performance, technical requirements, among others that will allow us to understand and identify critical aspects to improve and update a leadership style of managers that contributes not only to the reconciliation of work-life, but also to strengthen internal relations and increase in the productivity ratios. Currently, telework is no longer presented only as a great opportunity to strengthen the corporate image of organizations since it boosts a favorable perception of companies and how it cares about the working conditions, its employees and their needs related to work-life balance, time flexibility, decrease in time of transportation, among others; but also, as an important measure implemented by many organizations during mandatory social isolation to preserve the health of their employees. However, challenges arise for managers in relation to team’s leadership under telework compared to face-to-face supervision, technological and connectivity gaps, ergonomics as well as the work balance in a context where the workload has increased compared to pre COVID-19 pandemic.
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Keywords
Teletrabajo--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Ejecutivos--Investigaciones, COVID-19 (Enfermedad)
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