Estilo motivacional docente, necesidades psicológicas básicas, engagement y burnout académico en universitarios
Date
2020-02-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Basado en la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue
examinar las relaciones entre el estilo motivacional docente que percibe el estudiante (apoyo
a la autonomía y control psicológico), la satisfacción y frustración de las necesidades
psicológicas básicas, el burnout y el engagement académico. La muestra estuvo compuesta
por 252 estudiantes de los dos primeros años de formación de una universidad privada de
Lima. Los instrumentos utilizados para la medición de los constructos fueron el Cuestionario
de Clima de Aprendizaje, el Cuestionario de Control Psicológico Docente, la Escala de
Satisfacción y Frustración de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas, la Escala Maslach Burnout
Inventory Students Survey (MBI-SS) y la Escala Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for
Students (UWES-S-9). Los instrumentos presentaron adecuadas evidencias de validez y
confiabilidad en la muestra. El análisis de senderos encontró que el estilo motivacional
docente de apoyo a la autonomía se relaciona de manera significativa y positiva con el
engagement académico mediado por la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas
de los estudiantes. Por otra parte, halló la relación positivamente significativa entre el estilo
motivacional docente de control psicológico y el burnout académico mediado por la
frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de los estudiantes. Además, encontró la
relación negativa entre la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y el burnout
académico, asimismo la relación negativa entre la frustración de las necesidades psicológicas
básicas y el engagement académico. Los resultados fueron discutidos y se plantearon
recomendaciones a partir de los hallazgos.
Based on Self-Determination Theory, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between the motivational teaching style perceived by the student (autonomysupportive and psychological control), satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, academic burnout and academic engagement. The sample was composed of 252 students of the two first years from a private university in Lima. The instruments used for the measurement of the constructs were the Learning Climate Questionnaire, the Psychologically Controlling Teaching Questionnaire, the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory Students Survey (MBI-SS) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-S-9). The instruments presented optimum evidences of validity and reliability in the sample. The path analysis found that the motivational teaching style of autonomy-supportive is significantly and positively related to academic engagement mediated by the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of the students. On the other hand, was found the positively significant relationship between the motivational teaching style of psychological control and the academic burnout mediated by the frustration of the basic psychological needs of the students. In addition, was found the negative relationship between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and academic burnout, as well as the negative relationship between the frustration of basic psychological needs and academic engagement. The results were discussed and the recommendations were made based on the findings.
Based on Self-Determination Theory, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between the motivational teaching style perceived by the student (autonomysupportive and psychological control), satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, academic burnout and academic engagement. The sample was composed of 252 students of the two first years from a private university in Lima. The instruments used for the measurement of the constructs were the Learning Climate Questionnaire, the Psychologically Controlling Teaching Questionnaire, the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory Students Survey (MBI-SS) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-S-9). The instruments presented optimum evidences of validity and reliability in the sample. The path analysis found that the motivational teaching style of autonomy-supportive is significantly and positively related to academic engagement mediated by the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of the students. On the other hand, was found the positively significant relationship between the motivational teaching style of psychological control and the academic burnout mediated by the frustration of the basic psychological needs of the students. In addition, was found the negative relationship between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and academic burnout, as well as the negative relationship between the frustration of basic psychological needs and academic engagement. The results were discussed and the recommendations were made based on the findings.
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Keywords
Stress (Psicología), Educación superior--Aspectos psicológicos, Estudiantes universitarios--Investigaciones, Motivación (Educación)
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