Votar sin esperanza: la racionalidad del elector limeño al votar por el Congreso en las Elecciones Generales 2021
Date
2022-11-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Durante los últimos años, el Perú ha vivido un permanente enfrentamiento entre el Ejecutivo
y el Legislativo. Las consecuencias de este han sido, entre otras, una profunda decepción
del sistema democrático. En este contexto, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo
entender cómo los limeños elegimos a nuestros congresistas, un ángulo del
comportamiento electoral sobre el que existe en nuestro país escasa o nula literatura
académica. Para explorar este tema, se realizaron 44 entrevistas con 12 votantes de Lima,
en 6 rondas, entre el 15 de febrero y el 15 de abril de 2021. Las hipótesis son: 1) que el
vínculo entre la elección presidencial y congresal es mínimo, y solo existe en la medida en
que una contrapesa la otra; 2) que los partidos tienen un rol muy limitado en la elección de
congresistas, y 3) que existe una evaluación retrospectiva pero no temática al evaluar el
voto por congresistas. Las hipótesis son parcialmente comprobadas en esta tesis: en la
medida en que comprobamos que la elección presidencial y la congresal están
intrínsecamente vinculadas, vemos que estos supuestos se acercan más a la elección
presidencial que a la congresal, para terminar revisando brevemente la fase final de la
elección, que es el voto preferencial. En este, el tema de la saliencia es relevante al menos
para el primer voto preferencial, mientras que el segundo se reserva a personajes con
menor exposición, de cuya acción se hace una evaluación, o a personajes con quien une
al votante algún tipo de vínculo personal.
During the last years, Peru has experienced a permanent confrontation between the Executive and the Legislative powers. The consequences of this have been, among others, a profound disappointment with the democratic system. In this context, the present research aims to understand how voters from Lima people choose congressmen, an area of electoral behavior on which there is little to no academic literature in our country. To explore this iii issue, 44 interviews with 12 voters were conducted in 6 rounds between February 15th and April 15th, 2021. The hypotheses are: 1) that the link between the presidential and congressional elections is minimal, and only it exists in relation to check and balances; 2) that parties have a minimal role in the election of congressmen, and 3) that there is a retrospective but not issue-related evaluation when evaluating the vote for congressmen. The hypotheses are partially verified in this thesis: to the extent that we verify that the presidential and congressional elections are intrinsically linked, we see that these assumptions are closer to the presidential election than to the congressional one. After understanding this process, we briefly review the final phase of the election, which is the preferential vote. In this, the issue of salience is relevant at least for the first preferential vote, while the second is reserved for characters with less exposure, whose action gets evaluated, or characters with whom the voter shares some type of personal bond.
During the last years, Peru has experienced a permanent confrontation between the Executive and the Legislative powers. The consequences of this have been, among others, a profound disappointment with the democratic system. In this context, the present research aims to understand how voters from Lima people choose congressmen, an area of electoral behavior on which there is little to no academic literature in our country. To explore this iii issue, 44 interviews with 12 voters were conducted in 6 rounds between February 15th and April 15th, 2021. The hypotheses are: 1) that the link between the presidential and congressional elections is minimal, and only it exists in relation to check and balances; 2) that parties have a minimal role in the election of congressmen, and 3) that there is a retrospective but not issue-related evaluation when evaluating the vote for congressmen. The hypotheses are partially verified in this thesis: to the extent that we verify that the presidential and congressional elections are intrinsically linked, we see that these assumptions are closer to the presidential election than to the congressional one. After understanding this process, we briefly review the final phase of the election, which is the preferential vote. In this, the issue of salience is relevant at least for the first preferential vote, while the second is reserved for characters with less exposure, whose action gets evaluated, or characters with whom the voter shares some type of personal bond.
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Elecciones--Perú--Lima, Voto--Investigaciones--Perú
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