Análisis del ejercicio del derecho de resistencia del trabajador frente a la orden de vacunación contra el COVID-19 emitida por el empleador para poder realizar labores presenciales
Date
2022-03-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el contexto actual que vivimos a raíz del COVID-19, en el Perú la vacunación contra el
COVID-19 es voluntaria y no obligatoria. A nivel laboral, se ha establecido que, para prestar
servicios de manera presencial, las empresas deben acreditar que sus trabajadores cuenten con
la dosis completa de vacunación. Este panorama nos permite cuestionarnos ¿qué sucede con
aquellos trabajadores que no deseen vacunarse? ¿puede el empleador, en cumplimiento del
deber de prevención, el derecho a la salud de los demás colaboradores, en base a su poder de
dirección y finalmente en base a los dispositivos legales promulgados obligar a todos sus
trabajadores a vacunarse contra la COVID-19? ¿cuál es el tratamiento que el empleador puede
tener con aquellos que no quieran vacunarse? ¿qué sucede con aquellos trabajadores que
ejerzan su derecho de resistencia e invoquen vulneración de derechos como el de libertad de
conciencia y religión, a la vida o a la salud personal para justificar su negativa a dicha
indicación?
En el presente trabajo se analizan los conceptos legales involucrados con la finalidad de poder
dar respuesta a las interrogantes planteadas, para ello se aplicará una metodología de
investigación dogmática-jurídica aplicando los criterios metodológicos de temporalidad,
espacial y temático, dividiendo el análisis y las conclusiones en base a dos escenarios: i. en
base a la regulación legal actual de nuestro país y las alternativas legales que se pueden aplicar
y ii. en base a un escenario general sin considerar los dispositivos legales que existen hoy en
día en nuestro país respecto a la vacunación.
In the current context that we are living due to covid-19, in Peru getting vaccinated against it is voluntary and not obligatory. At the labor level, it has been established that to provide services in person, all the enterprises must prove that their workers have the full dose of vaccination. From this view, it allows us to question: what happens to those workers who do not wish to be vaccinated? Can the employer, in compliance with the duty of prevention, the right to health of the other, based on its power of direction and finally based on the enacted legal provisions, oblige all its workers to be vaccinated against COVID-19? What is the treatment that the employer can have with those who do not want to be vaccinated? What happens to those workers who exercise their right of resistance and invoke the violation of rights such as freedom of conscience and religion or personal health to justify their refusal to do so? In the current paper we analyze the legal concepts involved with the objective of giving answers to the questions formulated, that is why there will be applied a methodology of research legal dogmatics, applying the methodological criterion of temporality, place and thematic, dividing the analysis and conclusions in base of two sceneries: I. In base of the current legal regulation and the legal alternatives that can be applied and II. In base of a general scenery without considering the legal regulation that exist nowadays according for the vaccine to workers.
In the current context that we are living due to covid-19, in Peru getting vaccinated against it is voluntary and not obligatory. At the labor level, it has been established that to provide services in person, all the enterprises must prove that their workers have the full dose of vaccination. From this view, it allows us to question: what happens to those workers who do not wish to be vaccinated? Can the employer, in compliance with the duty of prevention, the right to health of the other, based on its power of direction and finally based on the enacted legal provisions, oblige all its workers to be vaccinated against COVID-19? What is the treatment that the employer can have with those who do not want to be vaccinated? What happens to those workers who exercise their right of resistance and invoke the violation of rights such as freedom of conscience and religion or personal health to justify their refusal to do so? In the current paper we analyze the legal concepts involved with the objective of giving answers to the questions formulated, that is why there will be applied a methodology of research legal dogmatics, applying the methodological criterion of temporality, place and thematic, dividing the analysis and conclusions in base of two sceneries: I. In base of the current legal regulation and the legal alternatives that can be applied and II. In base of a general scenery without considering the legal regulation that exist nowadays according for the vaccine to workers.
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Keywords
Seguridad industrial, Trabajadores--Derechos, Condiciones de trabajo--Perú, COVID-19 (Enfermedad), Vacunación
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