El incumpliminto del precedente constitucional como criterio sancionatorio de destitución judicial: Estándares constitucionales para su evaluación ponderativa
Date
2024-01-23
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo determinar los estándares constitucionales que
se deben observar en el ejercicio de la potestad sancionadora manifestada en la
destitución de jueces por incumplimiento del precedente constitucional (PC) o la
doctrina constitucional vinculante (DCV). Para tal fin, fueron analizados un total
de 36 procesos disciplinarios con pedido de destitución (correspondientes al
periodo que va del año 2006 al 2018) cuyo cargo imputado a los jueces y juezas de
las diferentes instancias del Poder Judicial fue no haber tenido en cuenta lo resuelto
por el Tribunal Constitucional a la hora de emitir sus resoluciones, conforme a lo
dispuesto en los artículos VI y VII del Nuevo Código Procesal Constitucional.
Analizado el problema de estudio y la forma como se llevaron los procesos ante la
Oficina de Control de la Magistratura, se identificaron seis estándares
constitucionales que recomendamos que la actual Junta Nacional de Justicia debe
considerar: (i) los actos de contenido jurisdiccional como límite al control
administrativo sancionador, (ii) diferencia entre lo que es inobservancia y desacato
frontal del PC, (iii) consideración de criterios objetivos para graduar la sanción, (iv)
garantía de reserva legal de la competencia y tipicidad de las infracciones, (v)
garantía frente a intereses o conflictos de índole político-jurisdiccional, y (vi)
necesidad de que el Tribunal Constitucional implemente una justicia constitucional
dialógica. Estos estándares deben considerarse exclusivamente cuando el cargo
imputado sea el incumplimiento de la DCV o el PC.
The present study aims to determine the constitutional standards that must be considered in the exercise of the sanctioning power expressed itself in the dismissal of judges due to breaching constitutional precedent or constitutional doctrine of binding precedent. For this purpose, a total of 36 disciplinary processes with request for dismissal were analyzed (over the period from 2006 to 2018) in which, judges from various instances of the Judicial Branch were accused of not taking into account the resolutions of the Constitutional Court when issuing their judgments, as provided in Articles VI and VII of the New Constitutional Procedural Code. After analyzing the problem under study and the way how the processes were handled before the Office of Control of the Magistracy, six constitutional standards we recommend the current National Judicial Board should consider were identified: (i) the acts of jurisdictional nature as a limit of the sanctioning administrative control; (ii) distinction between non-compliance and frontal contempt of the constitutional precedent; (iii) consideration of objective criteria for graduating the sanction; (iv) guarantee of legal reserve of competence and typicity of infractions; (v) guarantee against political-jurisdictional interests or conflicts; and (vi) the necessity for the Constitutional Court to implement a dialogic constitutional justice. These standards must be considered exclusively when the imputed charge is non-compliance with the constitutional doctrine of binding precedent or the constitutional precedent.
The present study aims to determine the constitutional standards that must be considered in the exercise of the sanctioning power expressed itself in the dismissal of judges due to breaching constitutional precedent or constitutional doctrine of binding precedent. For this purpose, a total of 36 disciplinary processes with request for dismissal were analyzed (over the period from 2006 to 2018) in which, judges from various instances of the Judicial Branch were accused of not taking into account the resolutions of the Constitutional Court when issuing their judgments, as provided in Articles VI and VII of the New Constitutional Procedural Code. After analyzing the problem under study and the way how the processes were handled before the Office of Control of the Magistracy, six constitutional standards we recommend the current National Judicial Board should consider were identified: (i) the acts of jurisdictional nature as a limit of the sanctioning administrative control; (ii) distinction between non-compliance and frontal contempt of the constitutional precedent; (iii) consideration of objective criteria for graduating the sanction; (iv) guarantee of legal reserve of competence and typicity of infractions; (v) guarantee against political-jurisdictional interests or conflicts; and (vi) the necessity for the Constitutional Court to implement a dialogic constitutional justice. These standards must be considered exclusively when the imputed charge is non-compliance with the constitutional doctrine of binding precedent or the constitutional precedent.
Description
Keywords
Sanciones administrativas--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Procedimiento administrativo--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho constitucional--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Jueces--Disciplina--Perú