Síntesis y caracterización de resinas alquídicas largas en aceite de sacha inchi (Plukeneteia volubilis L.) aplicadas para pinturas artísticas
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2019-09-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente tesis trata sobre la síntesis y caracterización de resinas alquídicas largas, usando como materia prima el aceite de sacha inchi (70 % w/W). Las resinas fueron sintetizadas por poliesterificación con pentaeritritol y anhídrido ftálico o ácido isoftálico, mediante dos métodos; alcoholisis y acidólisis. Resinas alquídicas largas en aceite de linaza fueron sintetizadas por ambos métodos para fines comparativos. Fueron evaluadas propiedades fisicoquímicas de las resinas, tales como el número ácido, viscosidad, densidad y color. Además, la obtención de las resinas alquídicas se confirmó mediante técnicas espectroscópicas de FTIR y 1H-RMN. Las resinas sintetizadas fueron aplicadas sobre vidrio y lienzo, y se estudió la influencia de la concentración del secante superficial de cobalto, sobre el tiempo de secado. Por último, las propiedades térmicas de las resinas alquídicas obtenidas fueron estudiadas mediante análisis termogravimétrico. Los resultados muestran que las resinas alquídicas largas en aceites de sacha inchi y linaza presentan propiedades fisicoquímicas similares. Sin embargo, se observa un efecto favorable del ácido isoftálico sobre el número ácido, la viscosidad y el color de las resinas, frente al anhídrido ftálico. Las resinas alquídicas largas en aceite de sacha inchi presentan colores más claros que sus similares a base aceite de linaza. Las películas que se obtienen a partir de las resinas sintetizadas presentan similares tiempos de secado. Las resinas a base de sacha inchi presentaron ligera mayor estabilidad térmica que las resinas a base aceite de linaza.
This thesis deals with the synthesis and characterization of long alkyd resins, using as a raw material sacha inchi oil (70% w / W). The resins were synthesized by polyesterification with pentaerythritol and phthalic anhydride or isophthalic acid, by two methods; alcoholysis and acidolysis. Long alkyd resins in flaxseed oil were synthesized by both methods for comparative purposes. Physicochemical properties of the resins were evaluated, such as acid number, viscosity, density and color. In addition, the obtaining of alkyd resins was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques of FTIR and 1 H-NMR. The synthesized resins were applied on glass and canvas, and the influence of the concentration of the cobalt surface secant on the drying time was studied. Finally, the thermal properties of the alkyd resins obtained were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that long alkyd resins in sacha inchi and flaxseed oils have similar physicochemical properties. However, a favorable effect of isophthalic acid on the acid number, viscosity and color of the resins, compared to phthalic anhydride, is observed. Long alkyd resins in sacha inchi oil have lighter colors than their similar ones based on flaxseed oil. Films obtained from synthesized resins have similar drying times. Sacha Inchi-based resins showed slightly greater thermal stability than flaxseed oil-based resins.
This thesis deals with the synthesis and characterization of long alkyd resins, using as a raw material sacha inchi oil (70% w / W). The resins were synthesized by polyesterification with pentaerythritol and phthalic anhydride or isophthalic acid, by two methods; alcoholysis and acidolysis. Long alkyd resins in flaxseed oil were synthesized by both methods for comparative purposes. Physicochemical properties of the resins were evaluated, such as acid number, viscosity, density and color. In addition, the obtaining of alkyd resins was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques of FTIR and 1 H-NMR. The synthesized resins were applied on glass and canvas, and the influence of the concentration of the cobalt surface secant on the drying time was studied. Finally, the thermal properties of the alkyd resins obtained were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that long alkyd resins in sacha inchi and flaxseed oils have similar physicochemical properties. However, a favorable effect of isophthalic acid on the acid number, viscosity and color of the resins, compared to phthalic anhydride, is observed. Long alkyd resins in sacha inchi oil have lighter colors than their similar ones based on flaxseed oil. Films obtained from synthesized resins have similar drying times. Sacha Inchi-based resins showed slightly greater thermal stability than flaxseed oil-based resins.
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Sacha inchi, Aceites y grasas--Análisis, Gomas y resinas--Análisis, Pinturas y barnices
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